Cross Breeding Of Excellent Strains Of Auricularia Auricular For Industrial Cultivation

Auricularia auricular is one of the widely cultivated edible fungi in China.At present,it mainly adopts the traditional seasonal agricultural cultivation,not only time-consuming,but also vulnerable to the effects of bad weather.The development of A.auricular factory cultivation is a inevitable trend,but the current production of main variety is not suitable for A.auricular factory cultivation,breeding suitable factory cultivation with good varieties of A.auricular is needed.In this study,high yield,short cycle,strong consistency,CO₂resistance,low light resistance and strong stress resistance were selected as the target traits.The main results were as follows:1.Through the evaluation of target traits of 18 germplasm resources from all over the country,5 strains suitable for hybrid parents were screened out,they were:Au.a0002（short fruiting cycle,strong consistency）,Au.a0010（thick lug）,Au.a0011（weak light resistance,high yield）,Au.a0042（strong stress resistance）,Au.a0047（easy to form primordium）.2.Collecting basidiospore of the parent strains,the single spore strain with vigorous hyphae and fast growth was selected for hybridization.Using the single spore of the complementary parent for hybridization,a total of 370 paired combinations were produced,and 362 hybrids with lock combinations were obtained by microscopic observating.3.In the hybridization screening stage,the hybridization was screened by the combination of mycelia growth and fruiting ratio.Among them,the growth rate of mycelia of 362 hybrids was first measured on PDA,and 75 strains with irregular edges,sparse aerial mycelia and slow growth rate were eliminated.Furthermore,by comprehensive consideration of traits,such as days of primordium formation,fruiting consistency,fruiting body color,lug thickness and yield,15 hybrids with excellent traits were screened out from the remaining 287 strains.The evaluation index was increased again,through the comprehensive evaluation of 16 indexes,such as days of primordium formation,primordium formation rate,lug recovery,lug color,yield and production cycle,three hybridizes with excellent comprehensive traits,E5D4,T2P0and D4R5,were obtained by re-screening.4.The genetic specificity of E5D4,T2P0 and D4R5 hybrids was identified by whole genome sequencing,at the molecular level,all three hybrids inherited the unique DNA fragments from their parents;on a phisiological level,antagonistic reaction could be produced of the mycelia between the three hybrids and their parents.The experiments confirmed that the three hybrids were true hybrids.5.The stability of three hybrids,E5D4,T2P0 and D4R5,was tested in multiple batches,the production cycle and yield of hybrid were significantly better than that of control,and the inheritance of hybrids were stable.Three hybrids were cultivated by factory demonstration,all the controls had physiological lesions,and the hybrids were able to produce ears normally with strong adaptability.