Comparative Analysis Of Phenotypic Characters And Fruit Quality Of 118 Jujube Varieties

In this study,118 jujube varieties were taken as samples.Through the investigation and determination of the phenotypic characters and internal quality of jujube fruits,various analysis methods were used to explore the phenotypic genetic diversity,tap the characteristics of existing jujube varieties,provide data support for variety innovation,systematic evaluation of Jujube Germplasm Resources and seed quality assurance,improve breeding efficiency,and provide theoretical basis for the screening of core germplasm.The main results are as follows:(1)The phenological periods of 118 jujube varieties are quite different,but all varieties can grow healthily and achieve complete ripening in the introduction site.(2)118 jujube varieties have moderate leaf size,reasonable length of jujube head,secondary branch and jujube hanging,diverse types of inflorescence,inflorescence flower number and flower diameter,and are widely distributed.Whether there are 25 descriptive characters outside Chu core and shell has high biodiversity.Combined with the investigation of quantitative characters,the investigation content of Jujube Germplasm resources is more detailed,the variety portrait is more three-dimensional,and the mining of variety characteristics is more in-depth.(3)Mango jujube has the largest vertical diameter,Shandong persimmon has the largest horizontal diameter,Shaoguan white jujube has the largest single fruit weight and yangnai jujube has the largest fruit shape index‘ Five fresh jujube varieties with good taste,such as "Dongzao","honey pot","fucrisp honey","jing39" and "Qiumei jujube",have excellent fruit quality.(4)The diversity analysis of 26 descriptive characters showed that the Simpson index of "fruit shape" was the highest,0.85,and the lowest was 0.01;In Shannon Wiener index,"fruit shape" is the highest,which is2.85,and "whether there is core and shell" is the lowest,which is 0.62.Because the biodiversity of core-shell is too low and does not have the ability to describe resources,the average Simpson index and Shannon Wiener index of 25 descriptive traits except core-shell are 0.55 and 1.37 respectively.The biodiversity of different organ descriptive traits was fruit > kernel > leaf.(5)The variation analysis showed that the variation coefficient of each character ranged from 7.62% to63.34%,the average variation coefficient was 21.51%,and the variation coefficient of hanging fruit ratio was the largest,which was 63.4%;The coefficient of variation of chlorophyll was the smallest,which was7.62%.The variation order of each quality of each organ is fruit external quality > flower phenotypic character > leaf phenotypic character > fruit internal quality > jujube head phenotypic character > jujube hanging phenotypic character > secondary branch phenotypic character.(6)The five groups of correlation analysis obtained many pairs of extremely significant correlation relationships.Among them,the internal and external quality analysis of leaves,flowers and fruits found that the correlation between the external quality of leaves,flowers and fruits was greater than that with the internal quality,the correlation between the external quality was greater than that between the internal quality,the correlation between the external quality and the internal quality was less,and the internal quality of fruits was less affected by the external quality of fruits,The external quality of fruit cannot be regarded as the necessary condition to judge the internal quality of fruit.(7)Nine principal component factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were obtained by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 76.74%;Leaf size,leaf shape index,fruit shape index,number of inflorescences and flowers,number of secondary branches,single fruit weight,fruit size and soluble solids have a strong ability to describe resources.Through the transformation of membership function,the comprehensive score of each variety is calculated.The score of Shandong persimmon is the highest,which is 0.76,and that of Ningxia Tongxin round jujube is the lowest,which is0.25.(8)By cluster analysis,118 varieties were divided into 6 categories at Euclidean distance 10.The commonness of the same category was obvious,and there were great differences among different categories.