| Ligustrum lucidum Ait is an evergreen shrub or tree of Oleaceae,commonly known as Ligustrum lucidum Ait and Ilex chinensis.It is widely distributed in the south of the Yangtze River to South China and Southwest China,and to the northwest to Shaanxi,Gansu and other provinces.The dry and mature seeds of Ligustrum lucidum Ait have the effect of nourishing liver and kidney and brightening the eyes and hair.It is a traditional medicine for strengthening the body.At the same time,Ligustrum lucidum Ait is also an excellent host of the important resource insect white wax worm in China.The growth of Ligustrum lucidum Ait will be affected by the parasitic and wax production process of white wax worm.In addition,Ligustrum lucidum Ait is widely used as urban and rural greening tree species because of its good ornamental value,and as a good ecological restoration tree species for heavy metal contaminated soil because of its strong adaptability and stress resistance.This study is an important guarantee for improving cultivation quality,increasing economic benefits and sustainable development to screen excellent Ligustrum lucidum Ait provenances with high yield,good quality and strong stress resistance.In this study,the prediction results of MaxEnt and the main producing areas of F.sinensis were sampled.Based on the seed traits,medicinal active ingredients,seed germination characteristics,physiological and biochemical indexes,the differences of different provenances and the correlation between the indexes were explored.The excellent provenances with strong stress resistance were screened out.The results were as follows:(1)The results of MaxEnt model showed that Ligustrum Ait was more sensitive to climatic and environmental factors.The precipitation in the warmest season,the seasonal variation coefficient of temperature and the lowest temperature in the coldest month are the main factors affecting the ecological suitability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.At present,Ligustrum lucidum Ait in China is mainly distributed in the south of 39°N and east of 91° E.In the next four SPSS models,the area of the suitable area of Ligustrum lucidum Ait increased,and the movement of the centroid of the suitable area was irregular.Less precipitation and cold areas are still not suitable for the growth of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.(2)The results of the study on the effective components of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seed showed that there were abundant genetic variations among the effective components.The content of luteoloside may be mainly concentrated in seeds,and the other medicinal active ingredients increase with the increase of seeds.The plum rain season Ligustrum lucidum Ait needs a certain low temperature environment to better accumulate salidroside.The wettest season in one year has a large amount of precipitation,which is conducive to the accumulation of oleanolic acid in Ligustrum lucidum Ait The order of comprehensive membership degree of medicinal components was Hunan Zhijiang,Yunnan Jinning,Yunnan Zhaoyang,Hunan Xinning and Sichuan Emei,and the comprehensive membership values were 0.5656,0.4237,0.3615,0.3608 and 0.3145,respectively.It shows that Hunan Zhijiang provenance has excellent performance in medicinal components,and Sichuan Emei provenance has poor performance.(3)The results of seed and fruit morphological traits showed that there were significant differences in seed and fruit morphological traits between different provenances,with rich genetic variation and relatively stable.The variation mainly came from gene exchange of different provenances and gene recombination of the same provenance.The contribution of environment to variation was small,and the variation of seed width and seed height was relatively large.The relationship between seed traits and fruit traits was not close,but the relationship between seed traits and fruit traits was significant.The development of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seeds is sensitive to high temperature and precipitation.A small amount of nitrogen and organic matter will promote the growth of its seeds,while too much nitrogen and organic matter will inhibit the growth.The morphological characteristics of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seeds show typical regional plate characteristics.(4)Four factors and three levels orthogonal test:The TTC method was used to detect the viability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seeds.The results showed that the optimum conditions for the determination of the viability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait seeds were:soaking time 16h,TTC concentration 0.7%,dyeing time 24h,dyeing temperature 30℃.There were significant differences in seed germination characteristics among different provenances.The provenance of Xinning in Hunan had the greatest viability,but the actual germination rates of Jinning and Zhaoyang in Yunnan were higher.The seed germination characteristics of Ligustrum lucidum Ait were related to the seed traits.The seeds with larger mass and volume had higher seed vigor.(5)The results of physiological and biochemical dynamics showed that the soluble sugar content of the six provenance seeds was the highest at 1d,and decreased and stabilized at 8d.Soluble protein decreased first and then increased;the activity of superoxide dismutase reached the peak at 22 d.Peroxidase and catalase activity continued to increase with seed germination.The differences between the indicators of various sources are significant,with good screening potential;the germination rate was significantly positively correlated with soluble protein,peroxidase and catalase,and the seed length was significantly negatively correlated with peroxidase and catalase,indicating that the closer to the round seed may have better stress resistance during germination and higher germination rate. |
