Effects Of Fertilization On Soil Nutrients And Wheat Growth And Nutrient Uptake In Balikun County

In recent years,soil testing and formula fertilization have been carried out all over the country.In order to understand the implementation and effect of soil testing and formula fertilization in Balikun area of Hami,fertilizer efficiency test has been carried out in Hami Balikun area.Taking Spring wheat Xinchun 48 as the research object,based on the recommended fertilization amount（NPK）of soil testing and formula institute,the following are set:nutrient deficiency（NP,NK,PK,NPK）,phosphorus and potassium combined with nitrogen fertilizer gradient（PK,70%N,NPK,130%N）.There were 8 treatments of nitrogen and potassium combined with phosphorus fertilizer gradient（NK,70%P,NPK,130%P）.Through field experiment,the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrient,wheat nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization efficiency were analyzed,and the optimal ratio of fertilizer was determined.The research results are as following.（1）There were significant differences in soil nutrient content among different treatments.On the whole,the content of available phosphorus and available potassium decreased firstly and then increased with the delay of the growth period.The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was increased with the delay of the growth period.Compared with different treatments in the same period,soil nutrient content reached the maximum under NPK treatment.（2）The plant height of wheat at jointing stage had no obvious response to fertilization.The plant height at full flowering stage increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer amount,and the biomass of wheat reached the maximum at maturity stage.There were significant differences among different fertilization treatments,and both plant height and biomass of wheat increased with the extension of the growth stage.（3）Compared with different fertilization treatments,the nutrient contents in all parts of wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application amount,and the plant nutrient contents reached the maximum under NPK treatment.It was found that different fertilization treatments had a significant effect on the changes of nutrient contents in various organs of wheat,and finally affected the nutrient contents in wheat grains.（4）The wheat yield had obvious response to different fertilization treatments.When the fertilizer application rate was N 276 kg/hm²,P₂O₅207 kg/hm²,K₂O 78 kg/hm²,the wheat yield was the highest and the maximum economic benefit was obtained.Increasing or decreasing fertilizer application reduced wheat yield.Fertilizer utilization rates of N and P in wheat reached the maximum values under NPK treatment,and increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application amount.It can be concluded that in this study,the fertilizer application rate of wheat in N 276 kg/hm²,P₂O₅207 kg/hm²,K₂O 78 kg/hm²is the most conducive to the growth of wheat,and the local soil testing formula fertilization has been implemented and achieved good results.