Effects Of Reduced Fertilizer Application And Organic Fertilizer Application On The Yield And Quality Of Flue-cured Tobacco And Cabbag

Long-term application of large amounts of chemical fertilizer in agricultural production has always been a thorny problem affecting the sustainable development of agriculture.Long-term application of large amounts of chemical fertilizer not only does not obviously improve the yield and quality of crops,but also reduces soil fertility.In order to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied in agricultural production,improve soil quality,and improve crop production quality,it is imperative to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied in agricultural production.In recent years,the proportion of organic fertilizer applied in modern agriculture is increasing.However,organic fertilizer cannot completely replace the position of chemical fertilizer in agricultural production due to its slow acting and low nutrient content.However,reduced chemical fertilizer combined application organic fertilizer has attracted attention due to its characteristics of quick-acting of chemical fertilizer and slow-acting of organic fertilizer as well as improving the yield quality of crops and quality of soil.Reduced chemical fertilizers combined application organic fertilizers is an effective way to achieve green and sustainable development of agriculture.The evaluation of the effects of different fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on the growth and yield quality of flue-cured tobacco and cabbage yield is of great importance to the development of tobacco industry and green agriculture.In this experiment,Guiyan 202 and Little Golden Dragon cabbage were used as test materials.Through testing in the land for growing field,the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of rotation of flue-cured tobacco and cabbage were investigated.Set no fertilization treatment as blank,and organic fertilizer set two levels,750kg/hm²and 2250kg/hm²respectively.Chemical fertilizer set three levels,namely1050kg/hm²,840kg/hm²and 630kg/hm²（decreasing by 20%and 40%in turn）,with a total of 7treatments.The effects of different fertilization proportioning on agronomic characters,nutrient utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco,chemical composition,economic properties,chlorophyll content,sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco,enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism and cabbage yield of flue-cured tobacco were compared,in order to provide basis for rational fertilization of flue-cured cabbage rotation in Guizhou mountain.The preliminary conclusions were as follows:（1）Effects of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on agronomic characters and economic characters of flue-cured tobaccoThe reduced chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer had no obvious effect on agronomic characters and dry matter accumulation in roots,stems and leaves of flue-cured tobacco at maturity stage.The plant height,pitch,stem circumference,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width and maximum leaf area of flue-cured tobacco at maturity stage decreased gradually with the decrease of fertilizer application rate,while the number of leaves increased.The accumulation of dry matter in roots,stems and leaves increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application.With the decrease of fertilizer application rate,dry matter accumulation in roots,stems and leaves increased at Resettling Stage and Vigorous Growing Period,and decreased at Maturation Stage.But there was no significant difference among the treatments.With the decrease of fertilizer application amount,the economic properties of cured tobacco leaf showed a downward trend,and the difference between yield and output value reached a significant level.With the increase of organic fertilizer application,the yield and output value of cured tobacco increased.In each fertilization treatment,no reduced fertilizer+2250kg/hm²organic fertilizer was applied,and the yield and output value under this treatment were 2271.61kg/hm²and61015.20 yuan/hm².Respectively there was no significant difference between no reduction of chemical fertilizer+organic fertilizer of 2250kg/hm²and chemical fertilizer with reduction of20%+organic fertilizer of 2250kg/hm².In conclusion,while ensuring the economic properties of flue-cured tobacco,the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced,and the best treatment is to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 20%+2250kg/hm²organic fertilizer.（2）Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on quality and N,P₂O₅,K₂O utilization of flue-cured tobaccoIn addition to K content and sugar base ratio,reducing chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer had no significant effects on nicotine,nitrogen,starch,nitrogen base ratio,reducing sugar,K/Cl ratio and other chemical components of flue-cured tobacco.Different treatments have different effects on the quality characters of cured tobacco leaves.However,the comprehensive scores of C3F and B2F coordination were stable at 85.17-89.62 and 74.00-79.40under reduced fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer treatment.The strength,combustibility,gray,fineness,softness and concentration of roasted tobacco leaves were not affected.Reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer can increase the aroma,aroma and taste of tobacco leaves to 8.2,8.2 and 9.2,and reduce the irritability and impurity to 7.9.Increasing the application amount of organic fertilizer can reduce the irritation and impurity of tobacco leaves after roasting,and reduce the aroma,aroma and taste to a certain extent.The accumulation of N,P₂O₅and K₂O of flue-cured tobacco was not significantly affected.The accumulation of N,P₂O₅and K₂O in flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of the application amount of organic fertilizer.The accumulation of N,P₂O₅and K₂O increased with the decrease of chemical fertilizer application at Resetting Stage and Vigorous Growing Period,but the accumulation of N,P₂O₅and K₂O decreased with the decrease of fertilizer application at Maturation Stage.but the difference was not significant.N,P₂O₅,K₂O apparent utilization,agronomic utilization and partial productivity were improved.The N,P₂O₅,K₂O apparent utilization,agronomic utilization and partial productivity of flue-cured tobacco increased with the decrease of fertilizer application rate.In conclusion,chemical fertilizer reduction of 40%+organic fertilizer of 2250kg/hm²had the best effect on nutrient absorption and utilization of flue-cured tobacco,and the aroma quality,volume of aroma and taste of cured tobacco tobacco had been improved to a certain extent under this treatment.（3）Effects on content of chlorophyll and activities enzyme of nitrogen metabolism in flue-cured tobaccoThe chlorophyll content of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased with the decrease of chemical fertilizer application and the increase of organic fertilizer application.The improvement effect on chlorophyll content of flue-cured tobacco was best with 40%reduction of chemical fertilizer+2250kg/hm²organic fertilizer treatment.The maximum chlorophyll content of upper,middle and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco was 1.82mg/g,1.92mg/g and 1.63mg/g,respectively.The activities of glutamine synthetase,glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in flue-cured tobacco leaves could be improved by reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer,and the activities of glutamine synthetase increased with the decrease of the amount of chemical fertilizer and the increase of the amount of organic fertilizer,the maximum glutamine synthetase activity of upper middle lower leaves was 49.55U/g,33.51U/g and 9.18U/g.But the glutamine oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase did not law of change significantly.（4）Effect on yield of Chinese cabbageWith the decrease of chemical fertilizer application rate,the yield of cabbage showed a decreasing trend.With the increase of organic fertilizer application rate,the yield of cabbage increased.In each fertilization treatment,the yield of cabbage was the best with 20%reduction of chemical fertilizer+2250kg/hm²fertilization with organic fertilizer,which reached64680.12kg/hm².However,there was no significant difference between the yield of Chinese cabbage treated with no reduction chemical fertilizer+organic fertilizer of 2250kg/hm²and that treated with reduction of chemical fertilizer 20%+organic fertilizer of 2250kg/hm²of organic fertilizerIn conclusion,reducing chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer can reduce fertilizer and maintain yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and cabbage crop rotation.While reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer,the quality,nutrient utilization efficiency and flue-cured tobacco growth were not significantly affected.The economic properties of tobacco leaves and the yield of Chinese cabbage increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application,but the economic properties of tobacco leaves and the yield of Chinese cabbage decreased with the decrease of chemical fertilizer application.Considering the effects of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer on nutrient utilization efficiency,growth,tobacco quality,economic properties and cabbage yield of flue-cured tobacco,the amount of chemical fertilizer reduction20%+organic fertilizer 2250kg/hm2 can not only guarantee the economic character and quality of flue-cured tobacco,but also reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer.There is no significant difference between the yield of Chinese cabbage and the maximum value.