On Kitaro Nishida's "Intuition Of Knowledge

Pure experience is an important concept in Nishida Kitaro’s Study of Goodness.The so-called pure experience,that is,the unified state of consciousness before thinking seperation.The pure experience that makes the unity of consciousness possible,has the base potential force or unified force in its own root place,and thus Nishida put forward the "intellectual intuition".As to the unified function of "pure experience" itself,"intellectual intuition"(die intellektuelle Anschauung)is the same German word as the concept translated as "intellectual intuition" in Kant’s philosophy.Then,because the latter is widely concerned in the history of western philosophy,"intellectual intuition" is often misunderstood and equated with it.To put it bluntly,the concept of "intellectual intuition",which runs through the whole system of Nishida’s philosophy,is very rich in meaning.Studying it can not only understand the development and evolution of "intellectual intuition" in Nishida’s philosophy,but also deepen the understanding of the different essence of this concept in Kant’s philosophy and Nishida’s philosophy by comparing them.Focusing on the above purport,this thesis studies Nishida’s "intellectual intuition" in four chapters.The first chapter(what is "intellectual intuition")explains the following issues through three sections: "pure experience" is the ideological foundation of Nishida’s philosophy,and the "intellectual intuition",which is the unified function of "pure experience" itself,naturally becomes the deeper foundation of Nishida’s philosophy.After "intellectual intuition",Nishida discusses the Reality.From the standpoint of pure experience which is seemingly unconscious,when he discusses thoughts,wills and other contents in a dynamic stream of consciousness,he carries out a strong intuition thought in it.But he can’t give a detailed demonstration in The Study of Goodness,thus "intellectual intuition" is covered with a layer of psychologism(mysticism).In order to get rid of this misunderstanding,Nishida started from this stage’s consciousness position and developed "conscious",to logically explain "pure experience-intellectual intuition" from a more general position,that is,to find a logic for it.Then,the second chapter(the logical deepening of "intellectual intuition")is to discuss the logic "self-consciousness" that Nishida seeks for "pure experience-intellectual intuition",and the "absolute free will" that clarifies the root of self-consciousness.Through the development of "self-consciousness" stage,the deep detailed differentiation and development of the consciousness of Nishida’s philosophy can be clarified.And its final position of "absolute free will" can be then achieved.Also In From Follower to Seer,a unique "place logic" is very created,to make Nishida’s philosophy enter the its middle and late period.The word "intellectual intuition" does not appear directly in the stage of "self-consciousness",but it is involved everywhere.It is impossible to understand the "behavior intuition" in Nishida’s later philosophy without clarifying the intuition of "self-consciousness".The shadow of "self-consciousness" can be seen in both the stage of "place" and the stage of "behavior intuition".In the third chapter(dialectical development of "intellectual intuition"),after systematically sorting out the three stages of intuition of "place",general conscious system and ’behavior intuition",the development thread of "intellectual intuition" is clarified.The establishment of"place logic" has established a solid logical foundation for "intellectual intuition",and the mystery of "intellectual intuition" has also been broken.In addition,by explaining the dialectical development process of "intellectual intuition",we can deepen our understanding of many dialectic contents in the later period of Nishida’s philosophy,and create conditions for the fourth chapter to examine Nishida’s understanding of religion from the dimension of "intellectual intuition".Finally,the fourth chapter(the meditation of "intellectual intuition")makes a comparative study.From the comparative study of the significance of Kant’s "intellectual intuition"(die intellektuelle Anschauung)in the ethical and religious parts of Kant’s philosophy and that of Nishida’s "intellectual intuition" in the ethical and religious parts of his philosophy,this thesis expounds and answers the essential differences and relations between them.Through comparison,it is clear that Nishida’s ethics of "goodness" and world views of "religion" are all based on "intellectual intuition".And "intellectual intuition" makes Nishida’s philosophy firmly explore "philosophy satisfying people’s inner needs" from beginning to end.That is,the facts and meanings of direct experience are always unified together,thus forming a philosophical character based on eastern thoughts and taking western thoughts as its form.In addition,Kant’s "intellectual intuition" and its successors’ "intellectual intuition" have great influence on the establishment of Nishida’s "intellectual intuition",but the "intellectual intuition" in German classical philosophy is not the same as Nishida’s "intellectual intuition".What’s more,Nishida takes the fact of "pure experience" as its foundation,and "intellectual intuition" as the spirit of creation of heaven and earth and the intuition of people’s achieving their aspirations.The ethics and religious views established from this point of view are essentially different from those established by Kant through "intellectual intuition".The conclusion points out that the connotation of "intellectual intuition" is more and more profound than Kant’s "intellectual intuition" in the later period of Nishida’s philosophy.It is Nishida’s change of the basic logic of Kant’s "intellectual intuition" that makes it the "intellectual intuition" in the sense.In Kant’s case,"intellectual intuition" is just a suspension of the intellectual inferences against human beings,while in Nishida’s sense,it becomes a secret solutions to solve Kant’s problem of unknowable "thing in itself","intellectual intuition" and the gap between theoretical rationality and practical rationality.The foundation that supports Nishida’s change lies in that Nishida regards the pursuit of the unity of knowledge,emotion and will to satisfy people’s inner requirements in Eastern philosophy as the goal and starting point of his philosophy establishment,which fundamentally determines the unified position of the monism of "being out of nothing" in Eastern philosophy,and which is fundamentally different from the object logic position of the dualism of "being derived from beings " in Western philosophy.At the same time,Western philosophy is wrapped in the logic of "being out of nothing" in Eastern philosophy.Therefore,Nishida’s philosophy benefits from the far-reaching unity of "intellectual intuition",and ethics,religion and philosophy all have the identical foundation.