A Study On Nussbaum's Theory Of Justice From The Perspective Of Historical Materialis

The idea of justice came from the idea of the primitive man’s equality.The idea of justice has always been one of the important concepts that philosophers pay great attention to.Throughout history,philosophers have pondered how to make societies fairer and more just,trying to find an appropriate measure of justice to apply throughout human society.Philosophers at all times and in all countries have made unremitting explorations on this question and left many opinions on the theory of justice.The contemporary American philosopher Martha Nussbaum,guided by the method of“competence”,gradually led the research to focus on the differences between individuals,and created the justice theory of capability path with the method of reality comparison and the core of capability.The theory of capability justice opens a new way for us to study social justice.Firstly,this paper briefly introduces Nussbaum’s life,works and thoughts,and expounds its background,significance and current situation as well as the thoughts and methods of this study.Then it elaborates the source of Nussbaum’s theory of capability justice and discusses the influence of Aristotle,Marx,Rawls and Amartya Sen’s thought of justice on Nussbaum.Then the third part discusses the characteristics and content of Nussbaum’s theory of capability justice.Nussbaum expected to construct a theory of social justice that would enable all citizens to live a dignified and minimally rich life by means of competence.Nussbaum’s theory of capability justice has great theoretical value mainly because she thinks about justice from the perspective of emotion and seeks for the path of justice to female equality through the perspective of cosmopolitanism and global justice,from which this paper will analyze the uniqueness of her theory.Finally,it is an analysis of the theory of justice based on historical materialism.On the one hand,it elaborates Marx’s view of dignity from the viewpoint of capability justice theory.On the other hand,it examines the social value and practical importance of Nussbaum’s theory of capability justice from the practical level.