Study On The Sacrificial Pattern Of Mountains And Rivers In Qin And Han Dynasties

The mountain and river sacrifices in the Qin and Han Dynasties originated from the worship of mountains and rivers in ancient times.In the Zhou Dynasty,this sacrifice tradition began to have a theoretical framework.The Qin and Han Dynasties inherited this sacrifice tradition,starting from the restoration of the basic sacrifice pattern of the previous generation,to the holding of Fengshan,and the improvement of some parts.The rank of mountains and rivers,and then to determine the rank of the Five Mountains and Sidu,established the basic rank order and distribution pattern for later dynasties.The mountain and river sacrifices in the Qin and Han dynasties all followed the sacrifice logic and sacrifice tradition of the Zhou Dynasty.The mountain and river sacrifices themselves are mainly based on the more special hope sacrifices and the general mountain and river sacrifices.Generally speaking,mountain and river sacrifices mainly focus on praying for health,smooth military operations,and following the sacrifice.The worship ceremony is held in the form of an annex to the suburban sacrifice,and the sacrifice can be performed from a distance.The mountain and river sacrifice ceremonies are generally held separately,and often need to reach the vicinity of the mountains and rivers.The rituals used in mountain and river sacrifices are generally determined according to the grade of the mountains,mainly using jade,sacrifice,singing and dancing.During the Qin and Han dynasties,mountain and river sacrifices experienced a considerable development and gradually enriched their connotations.The Qin Dynasty continued to develop the tradition of mountain and river sacrifices of the previous generation,but the difference was that due to changes in social structure and social nature,the national mountain and river sacrifices began to flaunt the authority of the ruler and the authority of the emperor,which was also consistent in the Han Dynasty.The mountain and river sacrifices in the Han Dynasty continued to develop on the basis of the Qin Dynasty,and experienced the development stages of recovery,development,prosperity,adjustment,transformation and stability.It is worth mentioning that during this period,Taishan Fengshan began to enter the ruler’s field of vision.Because of this,the level of Mount Tai stands out among the Five Sacred Mountains and Sidu,and is above the high-level mountains and rivers of the Five Mountains and Sidu,forming a dual-center pattern with the sacrificial center of the western capital.The mountain sacrifice in Qin and Han Dynasties shaped the basic pattern of mountain sacrifice in later dynasties,and had a far-reaching impact on mountain sacrifice in later generations.