Research On Ma Su’s Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei

In the early Qing dynasty,scholars such as Gu Yanwu and Yan Ruquan advocated an attitude of faithfulness and credibility,and the idea that scholarship should be applied to the world,which opened the way for a generation of simple scholars and gave an extremely beneficial influence to Qing scholars.It was against this academic background that Ma Cheng’s Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei was compiled.Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei is a historical book based on Zuo Zhuan,which is characterized by what Siku officials call "organized" historical reviews.This paper conducts an overall study of Shi Wei,which is divided into two parts:The first part is a comprehensive study of Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei,which is divided into three chapters.The first chapter combs the book and version origin of Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei.The completion of Shi Wei not only has a specific era background of the Ming and Qing dynasties,but also is closely related to Ma Su’s personal academic interests.Behind Ma Su,there are many versions of Shi Wei,and previous research has not been sufficient.This paper has collected as many versions as possible,with a generally complete set of important versions,detailing the characteristics and values of each version,and comprehensively cleaning up the source stream relationship between each version.Among them,Guan Qingqi reprinted the Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei in the Liutong Bookstore edition of the ninth year of Jiaqing(1804),which is particularly perfect in content.There are Tian Guan Tu and Di Yu Tu,which were previously believed to have been lost.In the twelfth year of Daoguang(1832),Ma Xingji corrected many textual errors,and these two editions are considered good copies.The second chapter examines the content style of Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei,combining the style to clarify the content.In the previous books of Shi Wei,Zuo Shi Bian Li and Zheng Shu aimed to invent the classics and biographies,or to elucidate the meaning of Zuo Zhuan,or to review history in sections.Their 108 historical reviews were more profound and extensive than those of the "gentleman’s saying" in Zuo Zhuan.The diagrams in the previous book,Zuo Zhuan Tu Shuo and Spring and Autumn Annals of Famous Genealogy,have been meticulously researched,presenting Ma Su’s academic achievements in a clear and multi-level manner.In the previous book,various materials such as Reading Zuo Essays,Zuo Zhuan Zi Shi,and Zuo Qiuming’s Biography have been compiled,which is convenient for reading and research,and has documentary value.The sections of Yi Shi by the same author are more concise than those of Shi Wei,and more documents are cited;Shi Wei has a stronger emotional tone in its wording than Yi Shi,and is more rigorous in its textual layout than Gao Shiqi’s Zuo Zhuan Ji Shi Ben Mo,without omitting the original text of Zuo Zhuan.The third chapter summarizes the ideological connotation of Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei.Si Ku Guan Chen identified Shi Wei as a work of Confucian classics,but his exposition of its ideological connotation is relatively weak." The thoughts of Shi Wei" are mainly reflected in the historical reviews at the end of the twelve volumes of the official book,and can be roughly divided into three aspects: respecting the king and repelling the barbarians,valuing etiquette and cultivating one’s moral integrity,and respecting morality and protecting the people.The values of Shi Wei are in a continuous line with Zuo Zhuan,with a relatively distinct orthodoxy;At the same time,it also shows the influence of the academic and cultural trends during the Ming and Qing dynasties,with prominent epochal characteristics.The second part is a commentary on the historical review of Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei.The 108 historical reviews in Shi Wei are the most valuable,although there have been no previous notes.Based on the criteria of rich content and embodying Ma Su’s thoughts,this paper selects 20 of them to "annotate" historical facts,allusions,names of people,places,names of things,official titles,and geographical locations on the basis of dredging the meaning of the text.In addition,it clarifies the ideological thrust of the article in the form of a "title explanation",which is complementary to the third chapter in the previous edition,"The Ideological Connotation of Zuo Zhuan Shi Wei".