| In the process of Sinicization of Buddhism,the relationship between Buddhism and Confucianism is one of its important issues.The movement of scholar bureaucrats to exclude Buddhism in the early Song Dynasty posed a serious threat to the development of Buddhism.At that time,out of the responsibility of protecting religion,Buddhists wrote books to fight against them.In this historical period,it was Qi song,the Zen master of Yun men,who pushed the communication between Confucianism and Buddhism to the peak.Using Huayan thought to explain was a key and characteristic link in the process of integrating Confucianism and Buddhism.The writing of this paper is to explore Qi song’s view of Huayan under the background of the times when Confucianism and Buddhism will be connected.The writing context of this paper starts from the practical problems of Buddhism in the Northern Song Dynasty,then rises to the theoretical problems,and finally returns to the practical problems of Buddhist practice.The paper is consisted of six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly describes the significance of the topic,research review and research scheme.The second chapter discusses the background of Qi song’s Huayan thought,and explains Qi song’s mission of the times and his strategy of protecting Buddhism.The third,fourth and fifth chapters respectively discuss Qi song’s Huayan thought from the perspective of ontology,epistemology and practice.The conclusion summarizes and evaluates Qi song’s Huayan thought under the two major issues of "Sinicization of Buddhism" and "Sinicization of Buddhism".In the early Song Dynasty,there were many speeches on Buddhism and Buddhism.However,most of the scholar bureaucrats did not refute Buddhism from the core theory,and had many contacts with Buddhism,which created an opportunity for the theoretical negotiation between Confucianism and Buddhism.As an eminent Buddhist monk,Qi song undertook the mission of opposing Buddhism.His strategy of protecting Buddhism can be divided into three parts: the first step is to respond to the theory of Buddhist exclusion of scholar bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty;The second step is to analyze and criticize Han Yu’s anti Buddhist remarks and counterattack the anti Buddhist trend at that time from the source;The third step is to actively enter the worldly affairs and obtain the official recognition of the rulers and the imperial court.In the process of integrating Confucianism and Buddhism,Qi song used Huayan thought to build a dialogue platform for the dialogue between Confucianism and Buddhism,demonstrated the legal status of Buddhism and won living space and political support for the development of Buddhism.The heart occupies an ontological position in Qi song’s theoretical system.Qi song absorbed from the viewpoint of mind and nature theory of fa zang,Cheng guan and zong mi,and transformed it into his own ideological discourse to construct the mind ontology.Qi song divided the heart into four types,the physical heart,the rational congitating mind,alayavijnana,and the permanent heart,inspired by zong mi.Specifically,Qi song’s discussion on the noumenon of the mind can be summarized into basic characteristics and essential characteristics.The basic characteristics of the noumenon of the heart are that it is omnipresent,absolute,non emptiness,non existence,and inconceivable;The essential characteristics are spiritual awareness,quietness and harmony.The harmony of the heart is reflected in the fact that the mind is broad enough to contain everything,during which good,evil,mystery and enlightenment are perfect penetration without obstruction.The characteristics of the heart determine to control all dharmas,be able to perceive,and even be enlightenment and sincerity.In addition,the two groups of similar concepts "heart and Tao" and "heart and li" are discriminated."Heart" is a relatively abstract ontological concept.The establishment of this concept first benefits from taking temperament as the intermediary of cognition.It is necessary to introduce the theory of temperament to explain how the pure and leak free mind produces the leaky worldly law.Qi song’s regulations on nature and sentiments explain the basic characteristics and essential characteristics of the heart."Nature" points to the invariable truth of the heart,while the existence of "sentiments" explains the harmonious meaning of the heart.Secondly,Qi song understood the mind noumenon according to the view of Huayan Dharma Realm,took the wonderful meaning of Huayan harmony as his argument,integrated various Buddhist sects within Buddhism,communicated Confucianism and Taoism outside Buddhism,and constructed an integrated theoretical system.The essence of the theory of legal boundary is to say that harmony is unimpeded.Qi song put forward the methodology of unimpeded origin and end according to the concept of unimpeded director,and integrated the origin and end,body and application,highlighting the original significance of sincerity.The logical approach of Qi song is from the relationship between the beginning and the end,then to the relationship between temperament,and finally to the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism.The manifestation of Qi song’s mind noumenon lies in his practical theory.Qi song took the mind as the basis for learning Confucianism and Buddhism,and observed the practical problems faced by Buddhism.His practical theory not only focused on the practice of Buddhism,but also focused on the consistency of Confucianism and Buddhism in the ethical and political dimensions.Qi song’s main cultivation system are "heart",and different teaching traces are set according to different rooters,that is,"machine by machine convenience".Qi song’s judgment of religion was deeply influenced by Huayan’s "starting from the end gate according to the origin" and "returning to the end gate".Zong mi’s influence on Qi song’s judgment of religion is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is advocating Yuan jue,and the other is judging Confucianism and Buddhism.Qi song combined Confucianism and Buddhism on the basis of protecting Buddhism.In terms of ethics,Qi song compared the five precepts of Buddhism to the five constants of Confucianism and reconciled Confucianism and Buddhism ethically;In the aspect of governing the world,Qi song constructed the framework of the doctrine of the mean and the doctrine of the emperor’s pole with the theory of body and function.The doctrine of the mean and the emperor’s pole were the exterior and interior of each other,which opened up the path of Confucianism from inner sage to outer king to a certain extent.Looking at Qi song from the perspective of "Sinicization of Buddhism" and "Sinicization of Buddhism",the ultimate spiritual direction of his Huayan thought is "no monk,no Confucianism;no other,no this".In the process of Sinicization of Buddhism,Qi song’s contribution to Buddhism provided a feasible scheme for Buddhism to further integrate into Chinese society,which greatly promoted the development of Buddhism itself;In the dimension of "Buddhist China",Qi song had a universal and profound influence on the reconstruction and integration of the cultural system after the Song Dynasty,especially on the development of Neo Confucianism in the song and Ming Dynasties.Generally speaking,Han Buddhism has moved towards a harmonious state in the process of development,which is the necessity of Sinicization of Buddhism. |
