Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards For International Chinese Language Education A Study Of Two-syllable Decrement Verbs

This paper is based on the newly published Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education(2021 edition).Four types of decrement verbs in this standard are selected:“减缩缺降”.A total of 29 two-syllable verbs are selected as research objects.This paper analyzes semantics,usage and errors,and finally puts forward some suggestions from the teacher and the Educational Materials two aspects for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.The first chapter is semantic analysis.Firstly,the semantic model of the decrement event is constructed by referring to the"Analysis of the word meaning component pattern"of decrement monosyllabic verbs,then the semantic characteristics of four kinds of decrement events are summarized by comparison with this model.The semantic difference of the four kinds of decrement events is mainly reflected in the nature of change:the"减"class expresses the quantity of objects;"缺"class expresses space quantity;The"缩"class expresses spatial quantity and language potential;The"降"class expresses the order of magnitude.The meaning of the two-syllable verb is analyzed word by word based on the conjugation events constructed in the previous article.In this paper,we classify words according to their internal structural relations and make semantic comparison under the cognitive framework of the same decrement event.For example,"减少"is composed of action+result,representing the category of material quantity change,and"减压"is composed of action+object,representing the category of weight change.The second chapter is an investigation of usage.The high-frequency collocation words and the main class connection frame of the reduced dissyllabic verbs are analyzed statistically from the corpus,and the correspondence between their semantic differences and grammatical manifestations is further explained.For example:"减少"high frequency collocation words mainly include quantity class,money class,the number of events,emotion class,area class,etc.,which are the embodiment of the quantity or real or virtual."减压"is not allowed to enter the class association frame of reducing verb+object,because it has objects in its internal structure.The third chapter is error analysis.The errors of HSK dynamic composition corpus were investigated,and it was found that the number of errors of reducing verbs was in the order of"减">"降">"缺">"缩".The high frequency error words are:减少、减轻、缩小、缩短、缺乏、缺少、降低、下降.From the perspective of error types,the errors of reducing diphonic verbs mainly focus on the mixing of single and double syllables,and the mixing and collocation within the two-syllable words.In addition,the mixing of different categories of words also occurs.Mixing between the"reduced"and"healthy"classes is the most common.Chapter Four: Suggestions on teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language.There are some problems in the arrangement and interpretation of reductive diphonic verbs in teaching materials of Chinese as a foreign language.Based on the above semantic analysis,error analysis and HSK examination,we believe that the teaching of reducing two-syllable verbs can be improved from the aspects of inclusion,interpretation and teaching methods.