Research On Marx’s Need Theory And Human Essence

The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844(hereinafter referred to as the Manuscript)is an important book of Marx’s early research on the question of human nature.In the Manuscript,there is not a single reflection on the nature of human,but multiple ones.Starting from the class characteristics of human beings,Marx defined the class nature of human beings as free and conscious activities according to the actual state of human participation in labor practice.Starting from reality,the essence of human is closely linked with social relations,and social relations are considered as the essence of human reality.Although the essence of human is not clearly summed up as the sum of all social relations in the Manuscript,this idea is contained in many places in the Manuscript.At the same time from the reality of the inner needs of people to explore the nature of human,human needs to be attributed to the nature of human.Marx’s discussion on the human nature in manuscript is not isolated,but actually unified,in which the inner nature of human need is unified with the humanoid nature and realistic nature.Human needs are the initial motivation for human beings to engage in all production activities.In the process of meeting the needs,people consciously exert their creativity into production practice.In the process of pursuing higher needs,they gradually reach the state of free and conscious activities and confirm their own nature.And in the process of production practice,formed a certain social relationship.At the same time,human needs can also reflect the other two essence to a certain extent,which can judge whether human activities are free and conscious according to the level of needs,reflecting whether the whole social relationship is human or narrow.Therefore,the category of human needs is actually throughout the labor practice and social relations,human needs as the reality of the inner desire of people,can fully confirm the nature of human,promote human development.Based on the theory of need,Marx answered the question of human nature and the development direction of the future society.He thinks that not all needs are essential to the human nature,only reasonable needs have such charm.Under capitalist mode of production,people’s need for diversification has become a kind of vulgar and one-sided need.The alienation of needs causes the loss of human subjectivity and seriously hinders the development of human essence.The direct cause of all this is the mania for money,and the deeper cause is the existence of private ownership and commodity economy.On this basis,Marx severely criticized the unreasonable social conception of utopian socialists,thinking that utopian socialists did not solve the problem of alienation from the source of private property,and could not completely eliminate alienation and realize the real return of human nature.Marx on the basis of inherit its reasonable part proposed only by communist movement,the unreasonable part of private property active sublation,talent can really from the money under the constraints of completely free,can we truly achieve reconciliation between man and nature and society,talents in realizing their own comprehensive really belongs to the people in the history of the development.Marxism’s needs theory and the study of Human Nature still have some enlightenment significance for the current development of our country.