Research On Legal System Of Grassland Ecological Compensation Under Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Vision

The ecological compensation of grassland is an important part of the ecological compensation system.Under the background of the coordinated development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,adjusting the interest relationship generated in the process of inter regional environmental protection and resource development and utilization through the grassland ecological compensation system is conducive to promoting the construction of ecological civilization in pastoral areas,balancing ecological interests,promoting social equity,and effectively alleviating the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,Promote common regional development.The theoretical basis of ecological compensation system mainly includes ecological justice theory,economic externality theory and public goods theory.As an eco-environmental resource,grassland has the attribute of public goods.Its development and utilization will produce economic externalities and destroy ecological justice.The construction of ecological compensation system and the adjustment of the development and utilization of resources and environment by the government is an effective means to eliminate economic externalities.At the same time,it also meets the requirements of ecological justice theory for balancing the rights and obligations of ecological environment.The subject of grassland ecological compensation system is divided into the subject who undertakes compensation responsibility and the subject who receives compensation.In theory,the subject scope of ecological compensation should be determined according to the principle of "beneficiary compensation";In practice,the main body of compensation responsibility is the central and local governments at all levels.In view of the problems existing in the current grassland ecological compensation system in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,such as the single compensation subject and the insufficiently specific compensation subject,it is suggested to further clarify the subject status of enterprises,citizens and other social subjects in ecological compensation while being led by the government,concretize the compensation subject and pay attention to the direct compensation of the compensation subject at the micro level.At present,ecological compensation and intellectual compensation are the most widely used methods in Beijing Tianjin Hebei,among which ecological compensation funds can be used.Although financial compensation has its unique advantages,the current compensation funds mainly come from financial allocation,resulting in insufficient compensation,resulting in the lack of incentive of ecological compensation system.In addition,a single way of compensation is not conducive to the long-term development of the compensated areas,and it is difficult to form a long-term mechanism of ecological protection.In this regard,it is suggested to broaden the source of compensation funds through the market mechanism,and comprehensively use various compensation methods to enhance the endogenous driving force for the development of the compensated areas.The formulation of compensation standard is a difficult point in the construction of ecological compensation system,which needs to comprehensively consider many factors,such as the service value of ecosystem,the cost of environmental protection and construction and so on.Opportunity cost method and other widely accepted accounting methods of ecological compensation standards can be used in calculation.In view of the difficulties in determining the compensation standard,the low compensation standard and the lack of pertinence and flexibility in the design of the standard in the current grassland ecological compensation in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,it is suggested to establish and improve the pricing mechanism of grassland ecological service system and the negotiation mechanism of compensation standard,take carbon peak and carbon neutralization as constraints,adjust the compensation standard dynamically and differentially,and implement grassland ecological compensation according to local and time conditions.