A Study On The Theory Of Lenin’s Proletarian Consciousness

In the end of the 19th century,capitalism entered the stage of imperialism.Economically,capital export gradually replaced capital export,and free competition was gradually replaced by monopoly.Politically,capitalist expansion and competition for interests caused constant friction between imperialist countries and between colonial empire and colonies.Ideologically and culturally,revisionism and reformism are prominent within the Marxist camp.Lenin and the Bolsheviks under his leadership accurately grasped the new characteristics of the imperialist stage,and combined with Russia’s national conditions,Russia,which was backward in political and economic aspects,took the lead in proletarian revolution and socialist construction.In the process of the revolution and construction,Lenin thought about how the proletariat consciousness can be generated on the weak economic basis of backward countries,and how to build socialist ideology when socialist society and capitalist society coexist.Lenin’s theory of proletarian consciousness is not only the crystallization of Lenin’s leading Russian people to carry out revolution and construction,but also has profound ideological origin.Marx and Engels view of class consciousness is the direct source of Lenin proletarian consciousness theory,practical and constructive unity consciousness of the proletarian concept,experience and rational way of the formation of the proletariat consciousness and being-for-itself class definition directly prompt attention and thinking of the proletarian consciousness of Lenin on the importance of the proletariat and the revolutionary;Plekhanov’s neutral description of ideology and the definition of the task of social Democratic Party intellectuals inspired Lenin to think about the possibility of socialist ideology construction and the role of social Democratic Party intellectuals in the generation of proletarian consciousness.Populism has a deep ideological tradition in Russia,and its value orientation of people first also inspired Lenin to think about the working class as the historical subject and its initiative.Lenin’s theory of proletarian consciousness has a distinct problem orientation and is essentially a diagnosis of the world and Russian proletarian consciousness in the 20th century.For Russia,Russian capitalism is underdeveloped and lacks political freedom,the number of working class is small but the number of farmers is large,and the problem of proletarian consciousness is highlighted by the utopian imagination,that is,either to rely on the legitimate parliamentary struggle or to rely on the average land to achieve socialism.A world scale,as capitalism has entered into the phase of imperialism,capitalism relies on excess profits buy some workers,in fact to form the aristocracy workers,at the same time this period capitalism political system and social policy adjustment,further expand the reformism of bourgeois democracy and revisionism.And with the outbreak of the imperialist war,nationalism and chauvinism were on the rise.Lenin’s theory of proletarian consciousness is described from the aspects of concepts,implementation method and historical position.Lenin developed the concept of proletariat,proletariat consciousness and ideology based on the unity of theory and strategy,and completed the preliminary construction of the theory.Based on the status quo of proletarian consciousness in backward countries and developed capitalist countries,Lenin proposed that proletarian consciousness is not necessarily born with the development of productive forces,but should be promoted by way of inculcation.Proletarian consciousness has realized the important connection between the backward country and the advanced revolution,realized the subjectivity change from "ancient people" to "modern people",and the social change from the backward feudal country to the socialist country.In the history of the development of Marxist class consciousness theory,Lenin’s theory of proletariat consciousness plays a connecting role.On the one hand,Lenin’s attention and research on proletariat consciousness enrich Marxist proletariat consciousness theory,and at the same time trigger later generations to study the problem of class consciousness;On the other hand,when neo-liberalism is in vogue today,class antagonism is dissipated by pluralistic revolt,revolution is hidden in class consciousness,and Lenin’s problems appear again.Therefore,it is still of practical significance to rethink Lenin’s theory of proletarian consciousness.