Study On The Flow Of Agricultural Surplus Labor In Yantai

Located in the eastern part of Jiaodong Peninsula, Yantai gonerns 4 districts, 7 country-level cities and 1 country with a total area of 13,700 square kilometers.lt has a total population of 6.45 million among whom 4.29 million lives in the rural areas. Since the policy of reform and opening-up was adopted, Yantai has made great progress in the transfer of surplus rural labor which contributes to the farmers' income and the ecomomy development in rural areas. However, compared to the neighboring area, it shows a lower level. There is great difference between different areas. To speed up the transfer of surplus rural labor relates to the overall development of the rural society and the steady improvement of fanners' lives, thus becomes the key of solving the current problems concerning farmers, rural area and agriculture. With the development of restructuring of rural economy and the surging rural urbanization, it becomes a necessity for us to realize the current situations, to find out the problems and to seek the ways solving the problems.Since 1978, the transfer of surplus labor has experienced the process of gradual breakthrough and speeding up. It shows the characteristics as follows: the labor transfer point being proportional to the labor's quality, the young and middle-aged people as the mainstream, the number of people transfer closely connected with the area of land owned and spectrum of opening up, adjacent flow with spare jobs, enhanced capability of private business for absorbing surplus labors, pre-technical training playing an a ctive r ole a nd d iversified c hannels o f t ransfer. B ut t he c ontradictions a nd p roblems s till e xist a t present such as high pressure for transfer work, low quality of labor, insufficient organization work, tight-controlled environment for labors working out, backward management of residential licenses and lack of benefits guarantee and so on.Analyzing from the deep level, the main causes that limit the transfer of the surplus labor in the municipality come from two sides, inside and outside. The inside causes includes: firstly, the adjustment and selection on economic development level, especially on the industrial structure; secondly the urbanization level and choice on different process; thirdly, the social management system under the traditional urban and rural structure. The inside causes includes low quality and outdated ideas. The two reasons are related to each other and mutually functioning. In the industrial structure adjustment, the labor intensive, medium and small enterprises and agricultural products processing enterprises play major role in facilitating the transfer. The development of urbanization is the inside force and way of flowing as well. The strategy to develop itself into a medium sized city is the choice of Yantai and the breakthrough in labor transfer as well, while the key that will influence the transfer level lies on the labor's quality improvement through the professional training on skills.Therefore, taking the following measures will have positive and significant impact to speeding up the transfer of surplus rural labor in Yantai: carrying on the general planning and balanced development on urban and rural areas, following the road of urbanization with Yantai characteristics, hardening the professional training, improving the conditions for farmers moving to the cities, strengthening the organization etc.