Research On The Generation And Development Of Marx’s Theory Of Alienation

The research on Marx’s theory of alienation can be described as full of sweat,and there are different evaluations of Marx’s theory of alienation,such as "fracture theory","immature theory",and "budding theory".Marx’s discourse on alienation is reflected in all periods of his intellectual development.Although the theoretical status of alienation theory and materialist historical view in the pre-and late period of Marx’s thought has changed,the subjectivity and practical dialectic ideas embodied in the theory of alienation are undoubtedly important theoretical nodes for a complete understanding of Marxist philosophy,which,together with the materialist view of history,constitute the organic unity of practical materialism,dialectical materialism and historical materialism.The theory of alienation does not play a marginal and insignificant role in Marx’s philosophy,but is a harbinger of Marx’s practical philosophical change.Marx’s philosophical revolution is a process,whether in the early stage of Marx’s philosophical reform or after the establishment of the materialist view of history,the practical perspective has always been the core view running through Marxism.Marx’s theory of alienation has gone through the process from self-conscious alienation to religious alienation,political alienation to economic alienation,and has achieved a transcendence of the classical humanistic theory of alienation.After establishing the materialist view of history,Marx did not completely abandon the theory of alienated labor,but used the materialist view of history to regive the theory of alienation a new connotation.Most people trace the starting point of Marx’s philosophical revolution to the "Theses on Feuerbach" written in 1845,and scoff at Marx’s works before 1845,and the author is not here to provide any new proof for the status of Marx’s theory of alienation in the history of Marx’s thought,but to systematically sort out the history of the emergence and development of Marx’s theory of alienation,and view Marx’s theory of alienation from the perspective of practical philosophy.By combing the development context of Marx’s alienation ideas in "1844Manuscripts of Economic Philosophy","German Ideology" and "Outline of the Critique of Political Economy-Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858",it can be found that Marx’s theory of alienation is based on the critical inheritance of German classical philosophy,through the process of labor alienation to division of labor alienation and then monetary alienation,the development of alienation theory initially contained the germination of practice,and in the later development process,accompanied by the materialist view of history from the bud,Mature to practical application of this process.Secondly,we generally divide Marxist philosophy into three parts: dialectical materialism,epistemology,and historical materialism,and its theoretical color is more biased towards modern epistemological philosophy,which cannot well highlight the due status of Marxist practical philosophy,and it is easy to understand Marxist philosophy to stay at the level of subject-object duality in modern epistemological philosophy,which obscures Marx’s transcendence of modern philosophy on the basis of practice.Starting from the origin of the theory of alienation and the background of the development history of Marx’s thought,this paper highlights the practical dialectic connotation of Marx’s theory of alienation,so as to think about the practical nature,critical implication and subjective dimension of Marx’s theory of alienation in the relationship between the active rejection of alienation and human liberation.