A Comparative Study Of Chinese And U.S. Government Data Openness Policies

In the 1970s,the New Public Management movement was launched in Western States,a worldwide movement involving various aspects of government management,technology,procedures and processes.As the practice of government reform continues to advance,more and more scholars and governments are becoming acutely aware that open government is the first thing needed to achieve the goals of various government reforms.Since 1966,a wave of "Open Government Information" has swept through the world.,and governments gradually realized the importance of data openness for national and social governance and began to elevate government data openness to a strategic development status.After Obama signed the Open Government Directive executive order in 2009,the U.S.government began to enter the substantive development stage of data openness,and issued a series of government data openness-related policies in succession,and the policy contents were continuously updated and adjusted in the early practice effects,which finally A relatively complete system of government data openness policies and regulations has been formed.The U.S.government is a world leader in open data thanks to its continuous improvement and issuance of regulations and ordinances.Therefore,these policies are of interest for both specimen and comparative studies.This paper constructs a policy analysis framework consisting of the classification method of "Internet+" governance policies(Technology/Channel-Based,Content/Application-Based)and the Lowi policy classification theory(Security/Regulation-Based,Development/Distribution-Based),and combines the policy change theory to categorize 405(98 in China,307 in the U.S)government data openness-related policies collected according to the Two-Dimensional Analysis Framework.This policies are categorized into four types:Technology-Development,Technology-Security,Content-Development,and Content-Security,and the relevant policies under each type are sorted and compared.We also compare the content of each type of policy,and explore the evolution and development of government data openness policies in China and the United States over time and changing times.The research found that in the Technology-Development policy,the Chinese government proposed the overall idea of the national information development,compiled the management directory of data standardization and clarified the data opening requirements of the government website;The US government is also advocating the transformation from "paper flow" to "electric current",and unifying the content and format standards of data to promote the openness,exchange and sharing of data.In the Technology-Security policy,the Chinese government has designed a comprehensive system security guard system,a full-cycle data security protection system and a full-process network early warning and prevention system;The United States government focuses on funding projects related to technology research and development,strengthening the application density of emerging technologies and accelerating the repair speed of security vulnerabilities.In the Content-Development policy,the Chinese government has established the working mechanism of data openness,established and improved the market rules of data elements,and improved the work quality of the interaction between the government and the people;The US government focuses on promoting the open and innovative use of data and improving the value and quality of open data.In the Content-Security policy,the Chinese government has issued a special action plan for departmental linkage,designed protection rules for data security management,and promulgated macro laws to ensure data security;The United States government stressed that it should continue to update the existing laws to enhance the awareness of data security protection,set up the authority of data security management and access,and set up the supervision organization and data classification and classification.The policies of China and the United States on the opening of government data have both the policy commonalities of attaching importance to the implementation of the national information development strategy,the full cycle management of government data,the establishment of a platform for the opening of government data,introduction of legislation to ensure data security;There are also policy differences in policy practice,policy system construction,functional institutions,resource investment,platform construction and public participation and interaction.The reasons for the differences in policies mainly focus on the differences in administrative ecology,top-level design,the degree of policy specialization,the development of information technology,the adaptation of policy environment and the guarantee of policy organization.Therefore,this paper will learn from the experience of the formulation and implementation of the data openness policy in the United States,and use it as a mirror to improve the policy system,comprehensively plan and keep pace with the times;Optimize the policy environment and expand the depth and breadth of opening up;Strengthen policy evaluation to avoid multiple policies and unclear powers and responsibilities;Formulate special laws and regulations to promote the legalization of data opening policy;Five aspects,such as timely adjustment of policies and expansion of the theme of data openness,put forward the enlightenment and reference for the improvement and development of China’s government’s data openness policy.