Research On Equity And Efficiency Of Compulsory Education From The Perspective Of Resource Allocation

The Party and the State have always attached great importance to the development of compulsory education,and the promotion of balanced compulsory education has always been high on the government’s agenda.The China Education Modernization 2035 proposes to "focus on improving the quality of education and promoting educational equity." At the same time,the 20 th Party Congress also reiterated the need to "accelerate the development of quality and balanced compulsory education and optimize the allocation of regional educational resources." In other words,the fair allocation of resources is the basis and prerequisite for the realization of equalization,while the efficient use of resources is the guarantee and the way to achieve it.To this end,this paper thoroughly investigates the fairness and efficiency of compulsory education resource allocation in China during 2011-2019 based on the Gini coefficient and its decomposition method,DEA data envelopment analysis and Tobit regression analysis.In the analysis of the fairness of compulsory education resource allocation,this paper first uses the Gini coefficient to measure the disparity in the allocation of various resources in China’s compulsory education in order to discover the resource categories with unequal allocation,and the results show that the allocation of education funds is relatively equal,but there is still a certain gap from high parity;the allocation of teachers in human resources is highly equal in terms of both number and education;the disparity in the allocation of physical resources is mainly manifested in The gaps in the allocation of physical resources are mainly in the two resources of computers and teaching instruments and equipment.Then,the Gini coefficient cluster decomposition method was used to decompose the gap between coastal regions,inland regions and land and sea regions for the three resources of education expenses,computers and teaching equipment,in order to find out the sources of contribution of the gap in terms of geographical location.Finally,the Gini coefficient incremental decomposition method is used to decompose the gap changes over the years in order to clarify the driving factors of the gap changes in terms of resource level,ranking and population share,and it is found that the changes in resource level of each province in recent years contribute to the reduction of the Gini coefficients of three resource allocations of education funding,teaching equipment and computers,while the changes in student share of each province have The change in the share of students in each province has a negative effect on funding and equipment.In the analysis of compulsory education resource allocation efficiency,this paper first uses the DEA-CCR model to analyze the comprehensive efficiency of compulsory education resource allocation in China,and the results show that the overall level of compulsory education resource allocation efficiency in China is high,but there is a small decline in efficiency in recent years;in terms of spatial distribution,the level of compulsory education resource allocation efficiency varies widely among provinces in China,with Beijing,Shanxi,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Jiangxi,Henan,Guangxi,Hainan,Chongqing and Hunan have realized the effective allocation of compulsory education resources,while Inner Mongolia,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Yunnan,Tibet,Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia have lower allocation efficiency,failing to reach the national average efficiency level more than half of the time.Then,this paper further analyzes the composition of the comprehensive efficiency using the DEA-BCC model,and finds that the inefficiencies in Inner Mongolia,Jiangsu,and Zhejiang mainly stem from pure technical inefficiency,another word,inefficient resource allocation caused by management errors and improper technology;the inefficiencies in Yunnan,Tibet,and Gansu mainly stem from scale inefficiency,and further scale analysis of returns shows that this inappropriateness is manifested in the small scale of resource input;inefficiencies in Anhui,Qinghai and Ningxia are due to both technical inefficiency and small scale of resource input.Finally,tobit regression analysis of the factors affecting the efficiency of compulsory education resource allocation shows that the level of human capital is positively related to the efficiency of compulsory education resource allocation at the 1% level of significance,while the urbanization rate is negatively related to it at the 10% level of significance.In addition,combining with the empirical findings,this paper gives corresponding policy recommendations,including: focusing on the key categories of uneven allocation,focusing on improving the balance of resource allocation in inland areas;paying attention to the impact of school population,improving the policy of local enrollment of children who move with the school;scientifically planning the input of compulsory education resources and improving the utilization rate of resources;establishing a regulatory mechanism for compulsory education resource allocation and appropriately strengthening public-private partnership in compulsory education;strengthening regional human capital construction and improve the drawbacks of urbanization development.