Research On Measurement And Obstacle Factors Of Basic Public Service Level In China

Basic public services are the main way to protect people’s livelihood and civil rights,and also an important indicator to measure high-quality economic development.Improving the level of development and equalization of basic public services plays a key role in maintaining regional equity,enhancing urban carrying capacity,and building a modern socialist country.However,with the development of social economy,the social differentiation and the differentiation of basic public services have become increasingly prominent.How to coordinate the balanced development of basic public services around China has become a problem to be solved urgently.As regional economic growth poles,major cities in China have significant gaps in the level of public service development,which seriously restricts the sustainable development of China’s economy and the construction of a fair society.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the development status of basic public services in major cities in China and narrow the difference of public service level among cities to realize the integration of public services,promote the construction of high-quality cities and promote the coordinated development of economy and society.In this thesis,35 major cities in China are selected as research subjects.Combining the high-quality development needs and the current situation of public service construction,the evaluation index system of basic public services is constructed from six dimensions of basic education,health care,culture and technology,social security,infrastructure,and ecological environment.The entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to measure the comprehensive development level of basic public services in cities from 2011 to 2020,and a comparative analysis is carried out.Then,Dagum Gini coefficient is used to measure the equalization level of basic public services in urban agglomerations,and coefficient of variation and Theil index are used to test the reliability and robustness of the measurement results.The regional differences of basic public services in urban agglomerations are systematically studied,so as to reflect the equalization level of basic public services in China.Based on the analysis results of these two items,the obstacle degree model based on the optimal value is established to analyze the obstacle factors affecting the balanced development of basic public services in various cities from the two dimensions of index layer and six subsystems layer,divide the system resistance mode,and identify the main problems faced by the equalization of basic public services in various cities.The research results show that:(1)The comprehensive development level of basic public services in major cities in China has an upward trend,showing a distribution pattern of east >west > central.Eight of the top 10 cities in the overall average score are located in the eastern region.In the western region,cities such as Chongqing and Chengdu ranked high,but the five worst-ranked cities such as Yinchuan,Xining and Lanzhou were all located in the western region,which highlighted the large differences in the development level of basic public services in the western region.The central region as a whole does not rank well,and there is great space for improvement in basic public services in this region.(2)There is spatial imbalance in basic public service level.The overall difference in the observation period mainly derive from the differences between regions,followed by differences within regions,and finally from the super variable density.And the level of differences between regions is mainly caused by the difference between East-central and East-west regions.Among all kinds of basic public services,the equalization level of basic education and ecological environment is relatively high,while the equalization level of culture,technology and infrastructure is relatively low.(3)The key obstacle factors in China’s major cities are different.Among the key obstacle factors,the per capita postal service volume,the number of patent applications granted,the number of employees in scientific and technological service industry,the per capita public library collection and the number of ten thousand mobile phone users appeared the highest frequency,indicating that culture,technology and infrastructure services are the weak links in the construction of basic public services.(4)The resistance modes of major cities in China focus on the four-system resistance mode and the five-system resistance mode.Among them,the lagging level of culture and technology,social security and infrastructure service is a common weakness in the development of basic public services in major cities in China,and their coverage has reached about 91%.Based on the above conclusions,this thesis believes that government departments should prioritize functions and be economically applicable,make overall planning for the layout of service facilities,and systematically improve the comprehensive development level of basic public services.The government departments should increase the inclination of financial transfer payments to the central and western regions,carry out online connection and matching assistance for basic public services between developed and less developed regions,and accelerate the improvement of equal access to basic public services.We will take more targeted measures with more coverage and more direct results to speed up efforts to shore up areas of weakness in basic public services.The government departments should strengthen their duty to guarantee the bottom line,so as to support the participation of social forces in the development of basic public services,build a diversified supply pattern,and promote high-quality,diversified and upgraded public services.