| In the early days of the founding of new China,China was poor and blank.Facing the imperialist economic blockade and military provocation,the Communist Party could only find another way to give full play to the advantages of a large agricultural population and try to seek an independent development path in the way of agricultural cooperation.The practice of China’s agricultural cooperation proves that the co-operative movement is a crucial historical change in the history of Chinese rural areas.It break the normal procedure and surpass the Soviet Union’s mode and avoid polarization.It plays an important role in the cohesion of the party’s heart and people’s heart and the enhancement of its competitiveness.From a national perspective,taking the road of agricultural cooperation has the necessity of liberating rural productive forces,avoiding polarization and meeting the national industrialization construction.At the same time,there is also the possibility that farmers believe in the correctness of the leadership of the working class and thus show socialist enthusiasm.In addition,long before the founding of new China,the Communist Party of China had the experience of leading the majority of farmers to carry out mutual assistance and cooperation,such as "farming team","changing team" and "planting team",which laid the foundation for the development of agricultural cooperative movement after the founding of new China.Since the land reform in Pingdu County,the majority of farmers have got rid of the status of being enslaved and exploited and obtained land and means of production.However,there are problems such as polarization in rural areas to varying degrees,which urgently needs to change this situation in a new form.Based on this actual situation,the proposal of the party’s general line for the transition period points out the direction for the local and even national agricultural cooperative movement.After the founding of new China,at the call of the central and provincial Party committees,Pingdu County began to enter the period of agricultural cooperation in1951,gradually developing from low to high,and experienced three stages: mutual aid group,primary cooperative and senior cooperative.Through the analysis of these three stages,this paper gives a panoramic perspective on its development process.In the early stage of cooperation,due to the experience of mutual assistance and cooperation before the founding of the people’s Republic of China and the support of farmers for the Communist Party,the agricultural cooperation movement in Pingdu County developed towards a good situation in the continuous rectification and consolidation,showing great advantages.However,with the later nationwide criticism of the "small footed woman" and "right" ideas,the phenomenon of blindly building and expanding communities and pursuing quantity also appeared in Pingdu County,which exceeded the ideological consciousness level of farmers at that time,dampened the enthusiasm of farmers’ agricultural production,and finally led to the failure of agricultural cooperative movement in Pingdu County.Pingdu County is an ordinary agricultural county.Its agricultural cooperative movement was launched under the background of the national movement.In the whole development process,Pingdu County highlighted its unique characteristics and experience,successfully guided the majority of farmers to the socialist road and promoted the development of the local economy.However,the high-level society in Pingdu County was established under the condition of farmers’ nostalgia for land and low degree of public ownership.By the late stage of the movement,this system could not effectively stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of farmers’ production,but bound agricultural production and caused a lot of mistakes in work.Therefore,it is our proper attitude to correctly deal with the mistakes and deviations in rural work and evaluate the agricultural cooperative movement in a practical and realistic way. |
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