United Russia And Anti-imperialism:the "red Imperialism" Debate Of 1925

Before World War I,influenced by foreign scholars’ defense of imperialism,the country believed that the prerequisite for resisting imperialist aggression was to reform internal affairs,so the idea of developing "nationalism" to resist "imperialism" was put forward.The idea of developing "nationalism" to resist "imperialism" was put forward,and imperialism was not directly regarded as the target of revolution.After World War I,the fact of imperialist aggression and the introduction of Soviet Russia’s revolutionary ideas deepened the national people’s understanding of imperialism,which led the Communist Party and the Kuomintang to put forward anti-imperialist slogans one after another.Through the propaganda of the two parties,especially the Chinese Communist Party took the May 30 th Movement as an opportunity to make the people feel the existence of imperialism from the various atrocities committed by imperialists in China,and to make them deeply aware of the collusion between warlords and imperialists.At the same time,the Soviet Union issued two declarations to China and renounced all privileges in China,which gave the public a new hope and many people in society advocated the alliance with Russia.However,there were different schools of thought in the society after the May Fourth Movement,each of which had different ideas on how to save the country,and their ideas on how to oppose imperialism were not all consistent.The leftists of the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang tended to oppose imperialism with revolution,while the liberals were more concerned with internal reforms.The nationalists,on the other hand,believed that Soviet Russia’s actions against China were detrimental to China’s national interests,and therefore considered Soviet Russia to be "red imperialism" and did not support the alliance with Russia against imperialism.The debate between the allies and the haters led to the "Red Imperialism" controversy in 1925.The "Red Imperialism" controversy in 1925 focused on three aspects: the nature of Soviet Russia,the relationship between Soviet Russia and China,and whether China should join Russia.These three aspects reflected the thinking of the Chinese people on how to treat "imperialism" and how to treat Soviet Russia.By defining the meaning of "imperialism" and analyzing the diplomatic behavior of Soviet Russia,we can see that Soviet Russia was not "imperialism".In a situation of internal and external troubles,China’s choice to unite with Soviet Russia and resist imperialist aggression was undoubtedly a correct one.The "Red imperialism" controversy of 1925 was interrupted by the burning of the Morning Post,but its effects did not end there.The different perceptions of the alliance with Russia and the anti-imperialist policy intensified the division among intellectuals.The differences between the two parties on the issue of anti-imperialism and the alliance with Russia became an important reason for the breakup of the cooperation between the two parties.