Research On The Annual Training Structure And Specific Ability Performance Of Cross-country Skiers In Heilongjiang Province

Purpose:this article aims to explore the training characteristics of the cross-country skiing athletes in Heilongjiang Province in the 2019-2020 training cycle based on the annual training arrangements of foreign elite athletes,and then analyze the athletes’ special ability changes and the performance monitoring indicators at different training stages.The results could provide data for scientific training and the athletes’ function monitoring.Methods:A total of 14 athletes(8 males and 6 females)was selected from cross-country skiing team in Heilongjiang Province,including international masters,national masters,first-level and average level athletes.Literature investigation was conducted to check the training and physiological indicators of the international elite athletes,and tracking investigation was performed to collect the training structure records of each stage in 2019-2020.At the end of the general preparation stage(GP),the maximum oxygen uptake(VO2 max)was tested.The ski ergometer 30s relative maximum anaerobic power was measured in the end of the GP and special events preparation phase(SP).Fasting serum creatine kinase(Creatine Kinase,CK),white blood cell(White Blood Cell,WBC),hemoglobin(Hemoglobin,Hb),hematocrit(Hct)and blood urea(Blood Urea,Bu)were also collected at each training phase cycle every Sunday morning.Single factor variance analysis was used to analyze relative indicator characteristics of international elite athletes and athletes in Heilongjiang Province.Paired T-test was used to analyze the 30s relative maximum anaerobic power of the ski ergometer.The 30s relative maximum anaerobic power of the ski ergometer was utilized as the main effect factor,while CK,WBC,Hb,Hct,Bu,etc.were used as the other effect factors.The key function monitoring index statistics of this research were carried out by gray correlation analysis.Results:1)The team’s annual training cycle was divided into 3 major phases:GP,SP,and competition phase(Competition Phase,CP);7 minor cycles:GP 1,GP 2.GP 3,SP 1,SP 2,SP 3 and CP.2)The total annual training time of local male and female athletes was 535.8 hours and 573.8 hours,respectively.Divided by different training stages,male athletes annual training time was 8.8%,9.7%and 5%less than the time of female athletes in GP,SP and CP stages,respectively.Compared with international female elite athletes,the total training time of local female athletes was about 38.8%less,and the time of local male athletes was about 40.6%less than the counterpart of foreign male elite athletes.There is an obvious phase distribution in the selection of training forms in each stage.The ratio of the number of special/non-special courses in the annual training plan of male and female athletes is 52.5/47.5%.The male and female athletes’ total distance of pulley/skiing in the annual training plan are 3859km and 3522km respectively.Male athletes are 337km(9.5%)more than female athletes.In GP,SP and CP stages,male athletes are 11%,12%,and 7%more than female athletes.For the distribution of annual endurance training,the proportion of LIT/MIT/HIT training time of international elite female athletes was 92.3/2.9/4.8%,respectively,while the proportion of Heilongjiang female athletes’ endurance training LIT/MIT/HIT was 59.3/26.7/14%,respectively;international elite male athletes LIT/MIT/HIT accounted for 91/6/3%,while local male LIT/MIT/HIT accounted for 65.3/18.5/16.2%.3)In the GP stage,the average 30s relative anaerobic power of male and female athletes were 347.1±79.8 w and 182±32.1 w,respectively.The average anaerobic power of male and female athletes in the SP stage were 385.3±77.0 w and 215.7±23.1 w respectively.In SP stage,male and female athletes’ special skiing 30s relative anaerobic power increased significantly(P<0.05);the average value of VO2 max of cross-country skiing male and female athletes in Heilongjiang Province was 67 and 62 mL·kg-1 min-1,respectively.Compared with the international elite male and female athletes,the level of VO2 max was 25%and 20%lower,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.05).4)In the gray correlation analysis,the CK value of male athletes in the GP stage had the highest correlation(0.8280),while the female athletes had the highest Hct correlation(0.8846).In the SP stage,the Hct correlation(0.9295)was the highest correlations for male athletes,while the Hb correlation(0.8914)was the highest correlations for female athletes.Conclusions:(1)The overall training time for cross-country skiing team in Heilongjiang Province in 2019-2020 was shorter than that of international elite athletes.To be more specific,the total training time of male and female athletes in Heilongjiang Province was 40.6%and 38.8%less than that of foreign athletes,respectively;(2)The team’s LIT intensity endurance training was less-male and female athletes accounted for 65.3%and 59.3%,respectively;(3)Male athletes in the special anaerobic capacity event are suggested to pay close attention to the change of CK value during GP period,while female athletes should pay attention to Hct.Male athletes are also suggested to follow Hct changes during SP period,while female athletes should follow Hb.