Research On The Design Of Special Physical Training Content And Methods For Open Water Swimmers

Since the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,open water swimming has officially become a summer Olympic event.Open water swimming is an endurance race in a natural water environment.Due to the influence of uncertainties such as natural water temperature and tides,athletes engaged in this event must have good environmental adaptability,physical fitness,skills and tenacity and will quality and other comprehensive abilities in order to compete for gold and silver in major competitions.As an endurance water racing event dominated by physical fitness,the competitive performance of athletes in the competition depends to a large extent on their special physical fitness level,so the topic of physical training of open water swimmers has become a research hotspot in the field of domestic competitive swimming theory.Although open water swimming is a rising star in the competitive swimming sports of the Summer Olympic Games,it has a good mass base and rapid development speed,and is widely loved by the public.Since it entered the official competition sequence of the Summer Olympic Games,various competitive swimming powers have gathered momentum and invested a lot of scientific and technological resources and carried out in-depth and systematic research around the theme of scientific training in open water swimming.Under the premise of summarizing the leading factors of open water swimmers’ competitive ability and the winning rules of events,countries actively explore the key physical factors that restrict the competitive performance of open water swimmers,so the two major issues of "what to practice" and "how to practice" in physical training have become the winning propositions for countries to improve the competitive ability of open water swimmers.Existing research suggests that;Foreign similar research started early,accumulated more,dug deep,and achieved abundant results,while similar research in China started relatively late,accumulated less,and at this stage,most of them are mainly descriptive general physical training research,which fails to effectively clarify the core problem of "what to practice" for open water swimmers,resulting in the scientific level of physical training in open water swimming in China becoming a short board.Therefore,it is imperative that we carry out special research on the lack of physical fitness of China’s outstanding open water swimmers,and explore a special physical training content plan suitable for the technical and tactical characteristics of Chinese athletes.This paper mainly summarizes the influence of the above factors on the formation of the competitive ability of open water athletes through literature analysis,expert interview method and logical analysis,starting from the characteristics of open water swimming competition environment,technical characteristics,special physical fitness and energy metabolism,so as to provide theoretical support for the design of movement selection and load setting of special physical training.It aims to improve the scientific level of special physical training of China’s open water athletes,and effectively improve their physical reserves and special competitive skills.