Study On Changing Characteristics Of Physical Training Content And Load During Winter Training For Chinese Excellent Swimmers

Research Objective: On the basis of learning from the valuable experience of Tokyo Olympic Games in physical training,the swimming Center of the General Administration of Sport of China puts forward new physical requirements for swimming events.In this study,under the task proposed by the coaching team to solve the motor dysfunction and improve the special competitive ability during winter training,the FMS test was used to find the motor dysfunction and analyze its causes,and then the 12-week winter training period was divided into three stages for physical training,aiming at solving the motor dysfunction and improving the athletes’ special competitive ability.Research Methods: FMS test,basic physical fitness test,special physical fitness test and special performance test were conducted on 10 elite athletes of the national swimming team before,during and after winter training by using the method of literature,expert interview,experiment and mathematical statistics.The paired sample T test and correlation test were conducted for each test index before and after winter training in statistics.The results are as follows:(1)there are round shoulders and hunchback caused by "limited external rotation function of shoulder joint" in Chinese elite swimmers;Wing-shaped scapula caused by weakness of deep muscles such as trapezius and rhomboid muscles;Anterior and posterior muscle chain strength imbalance and other problems.(2)Corrective training and physical training in winter training are designed and arranged around the athletic dysfunction of swimmers.(3)The load arrangement of physical training was that the load was larger in the early and middle period of winter training,while the load intensity was larger in the late period of winter training.The results of the four physiological index tests showed a general downward trend.(4)After the basic fitness test and the specific fitness test,there was a statistically significant correlation between the 3,000-meter freestyle and the 3,000-meter run(R=0.571);There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the performance of vertical vertical jump and 50 m freestyle(R=-0.162,R=-0.492).There was a statistically significant positive correlation between 50 m freestyle and 30 m race(R=0.070).(5)After the statistical correlation analysis of special physical fitness and special performance during the winter training,it was found that 200-meter and 400-meter medley had the highest statistical correlation with the 3,000-meter freestyle among special physical fitness.Research conclusion:(1)After physical training of Chinese excellent swimmers in winter training period,sports dysfunction such as "upper cross syndrome" has been obviously eliminated or even contained.(2)The selection of physical training content in winter training is based on the athletes’ own motor dysfunction and the technical structure characteristics of swimming events.At the same time,after physical training in winter training,the whole team has made significant progress in basic physical fitness and special physical fitness test indexes.(3)The overall characteristics of physical training load variation in winter training period are that the load fluctuates around the training objectives in the three stages of winter training period.In the early stage,the load is mainly increased gradually,and the load intensity is supplemented;The intensity and measurement of special capacity load in the middle of winter training reach the peak in the middle of winter training;In the late period of winter training,the load gradually decreased to maintain a high load intensity stimulation.