| Background: Emotion is the innate talent of human beings,the perception of body changes,and a very advanced component of the life regulation mechanism.It is with these devices that we can survive.In the past ten years,the research achievements in the field of emotional neuroscience have ushered in an unprecedented revolutionary explosion.Emotion plays a central role in brain function and mental life.A new generation of scientists are taking emotion as their first choice.The emotional style theory based on the solid research results of modern neuroscience provides a new perspective for the research of emotion.The combination of the six dimensions of emotional style determines how we perceive and react to the world around us,how we get along with others,and how we overcome the difficulties in life.Richard Davidson pointed out that emotion is related to the prefrontal cortex.He believed that the higher cortical function controlled by the highly evolved prefrontal cortex and other regions has a decisive impact on emotion.He firmly believed that the regions in the brain that control rationality and higher cognitive function(executive control function)have no less impact on emotion than the limbic system.Through the research of mainstream emotional neuroscience,it has been proved that the key to change the brain activity mode is those regions(such as the prefrontal cortex)that control high-level reasoning activities.Damasio’s hierarchical structure theory of life regulation believes that there is a two-way,downward and upward causal relationship between basic life regulation and advanced reasoning.Emotion is located in the middle,suggesting that human emotions are affected by both the level of body function and the consciousness instinct.Research shows that there are two ways to regulate the structure and function of the executive control network of the human body: one is body movement,and the other is mindfulness meditation.These two methods are also the concrete embodiment of the bottom-up and top-down approaches.The function of the upper limb plays an important role in human survival competition.Many clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that grip strength is closely related to individual health.Therefore,the training of upper limb strength has an important role and meaning in improving health,improving confidence and enhancing environmental control ability.Mindfulness is a treasure rooted in Chinese culture.Mindfulness decompression course was founded by Dr.Jon Kabakin in 1979.He transformed the mysterious essence of meditation into an operable and quantifiable cognitive exercise course.Through the combination with science,a concept that is on the edge of science and with a bit of mysticism has been brought to the center of science and culture,making it quickly become one of the hot spots of current scientific research.The year 2011 is also widely regarded as the watershed of contemporary western mindfulness entering the mainstream society of China.As Leonard Monlodino pointed out,many marginal ideas in the past have now become mainstream ideas,and the recent advocacy of meditation and mindfulness in academia is one of them.Based on the method pointed out by Damasio,in order to evaluate the physical activity mode of upper limb functional strength training(from bottom to top),and combine the effect of mindfulness intervention(from top to bottom)on college students’ emotional style and cognitive function,this thesis adopts the research method of randomized controlled experimental design and longitudinal tracking,The behavioral indicators(stroop response time and accuracy rate,R-Test response time and accuracy rate,ERP P300 response time and accuracy rate at Fz,Cz and Pz points)and emotional style evaluation scale scores of the subjects at different periods before and after the eight-week intervention were measured and evaluated;At the same time,ERP P300(ERP P300 latency and amplitude at Fz,Cz and Pz points),a cognitive function index,was compared and analyzed;The effect of intervention was tested by upper limb strength test and five-factor mindfulness scale(FFMQ).Objective: To observe the characteristics of the influence of eight weeks of upper limb functional strength training,eight weeks of mindfulness training and eight weeks of upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training on college students’ emotional style and cognitive function,and to explore the rules of the influence of exercise combined with mindfulness on emotional style and cognitive function;To verify the plasticity of the six dimensions of college students’ emotional style affected by movement and mind,and explore the hidden brain function mechanism.Methods:(1)From September to December 2021,cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select college students to conduct questionnaire survey and grip strength measurement of emotional style and mindfulness level.Through cross-sectional survey,the correlation between college students’ upper limb strength(grip strength)and mindfulness level and scores of various dimensions of emotional style was discussed.(2)Subsequently,51 college students were recruited and included in the statistics.They were randomly divided into upper limb functional strength training group(n=13),mindfulness training group(n=14),upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group(n=14)and control group(n=10).The upper limb functional strength training group was given 8 weeks of upper limb functional strength training for boating,and mindfulness training group was given 8 weeks of mindfulness training,The upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group received 8 weeks of upper limb functional strength training and mindfulness training(in order to ensure that the training duration was consistent with the previous two groups,the training volume of this group was halved),and the control group did not intervene.The intervention effect of upper limb strength was evaluated by the sum of the left and right hand grip strength,the number of push-ups and the number of oblique pull-ups;The intervention effect of mindfulness training was evaluated by the five-factor mindfulness scale(FFMQ);ERP auditory P300,psychological rotation test(R-Test),Stroop Color-Word test reaction time and other indicators were used to evaluate the changes of cognitive behavior of subjects;To explore the possible mechanism of changes in cognitive behavior and emotional style of subjects with ERP auditory P300 amplitude and latency.(3)Use SPSS 21 to make descriptive and inferential statistics on the data.Descriptive statistical results are expressed as mean ± SD.Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between grip strength,mindfulness and emotional style evaluation scores of college students;Paired sample t test was used for comparison within the intervention experiment group,one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups,and LSD was selected for comparison between two groups afterwards.The difference was significant with P<0.05.Results:(1)There was a significant negative correlation between the grip strength of boys’ hands and the score of emotional adjustment ability(P<0.01,r=-0.106),and a significant positive correlation between the grip strength and the score of concentration ability(P<0.05,r=0.099);There was a significant negative correlation between the grip strength of girls’ hands and the score of emotional adjustment ability(P<0.05,r=-0.086).(2)There was a significant negative correlation between the total score of mindfulness and the score of emotional adjustment ability of college students(P<0.001);There was a significant positive correlation with the scores of life attitude,social intuition,self-awareness,situational sensitivity and concentration(P<0.001).The correlation coefficients were 0.314,0.291,0.403,0.187,0.421 for boys,0.325,0.242,0.469,0.194,0.427 for girls.(3)After eight weeks,the upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group and the upper limb functional strength training group significantly improved their grip strength,the number of push-ups,the number of oblique pull-ups and the overall upper limb strength level compared with those before the experiment(P<0.05);After the eight-week intervention experiment,the upper limb strength level of the upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group and the upper limb functional strength training group was significantly higher than that of the mindfulness training group and the control group(P<0.05).(4)After the eight-week intervention experiment,the total score of the five-factor mindfulness scale in the upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group and mindfulness training group increased significantly(P<0.05),however there was no significant difference in this index between the upper limb functional strength training group and the control group(P>0.05).(5)After eight weeks of experiment,the intra-group comparison showed that the stroop reaction time of all groups except the control group was significantly lower(P<0.01);Compared with the control group,the stroop reaction time and R-Test reaction time of the other groups were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).(6)After eight weeks of experiment,except the control group,the ERP P300 reaction time at Fz,Cz and Pz points in all groups decreased significantly(P<0.01);Compared with the control group,the ERP P300 reaction time at Fz point and Pz point in other groups were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);Compared with the control group,the ERP P300 reaction time difference(before and after)at Fz,Cz and Pz in the other groups before and after the experiment were significantly greater than those in the control group(P<0.05).(7)The score of emotional adjustment ability in the upper limb functional strength training group was significantly lower(P<0.01);The intra-group comparison of the dimension of life attitude showed that the score of life attitude in the upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group was significantly higher(P<0.05).The inter-group comparison showed that the score of life attitude in the upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group and mindfulness training group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01);The comparison of the dimension of self-awareness between groups showed that the score of selfawareness in the upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group was significantly higher than that in the control group after the eight-week intervention experiment(P<0.05);The comparison of situational sensitivity dimension between groups showed that the score of situational sensitivity in the upper limb functional strength training group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).(8)After eight weeks of experiment,the intra-group comparison showed that the latency of ERP P300 at Fz point and Pz point in mindfulness training group was significantly shorter(P<0.05);The latency of Fz point in mindfulness training group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05);Compared with the control group,the latency difference of Fz point in other groups(before and after the experiment)was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).(9)After eight weeks of experiment,the amplitude of ERP P300 at Fz and Cz in the upper limb functional strength training group increased significantly(P<0.05);The amplitude of ERP P300 at Pz in mindfulness training group was significantly higher(P<0.05);The amplitude of ERP P300 at Fz was significantly higher in the upper limb functional strength training combined with mindfulness training group(P<0.05).Conclusion: ⑴ Functional strength training of upper limbs can improve the attention resources(reflected in the increased amplitude of ERP P300)and cognitive processing speed(reflected in the shortened latency of ERP P300)that subjects put into when performing tasks,and then improve the executive control function of brain(reflected in the shortened response time).The improvement of these brain functions is also reflected in the change of the dimension of emotional style(reflected in the improvement of the score of emotional adjustment ability and situational sensitivity).⑵ Mindfulness training can improve the attention resources(reflected in the increased amplitude of ERP P300),enhance the speed of cognitive processing(reflected in the shortened latency of ERP P300),and further improve the brain executive control function(reflected in the shortened response time).The improvement of these brain functions is also reflected in the change of emotional style dimension(reflected in the improvement of life attitude score).(3)The influence of bottom-up functional strength training of upper limbs and top-down mindfulness training on the dimension of emotional style shows a certain difference,and the combination of the two has a certain complementary new effect(reflected in the improvement of self-awareness score).However,the combination of the two failed to reflect the superposition effect.(4)The results of this study further support the idea of sports transforming the brain;It supports the idea of plasticity of emotional style.(5)Both upper limb functional strength training and mindfulness training can be used as the adjustment and promotion measures of college students’ emotional style and cognitive function. |
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