| Population is the basic of economic and social development,moderate population growth can promote the healthy development of social economy.Lately,China’s population development has stepped a new phase,the number of births is decreasing year by year,and the process of population ageing is accelerating.Up to now,China’s fertility policy has been constantly adjusted,from the " selective two-child policy ","the universal two-child policy ",to the "three-child policy" fully liberalized.However,the policy has not had the desired effect,the seventh national census data of China in2020 showed that the total fertility rate was only 1.28.By 2022,China’s population had entered an era of negative growth.The root cause of the low fertility level is the low fertility intention of young people,especially fertile women.Therefore,raising the fertility intention of fertile women and promoting moderate population growth has become an issue that the whole society must face.This article uses data from the 2017 National Sample Survey on Fertility Status to empirically analysis the fertility intentions of fertile women,and the factors influencing them in the three provinces of Northeast China.The number of children that fertile women intend to have in the three provinces of Northeast China is far lower than the national average level.The average number of children intended is 1.39.The gender preference is related to the number of children intended,and there is no obvious preference for boys or girls.The main reason why fertile women do not intend to have children is economic.Further empirical analysis shows that age,household registration,marriage,education,health,work,income,housing are the main factors affecting the reproductive intention of fertile women.Generally speaking,the older the age,the lower the fertility intention;fertile women who are married,unable to take care of themselves,non-farm employment and house purchase have lower fertility intention.In terms of education,the influence of university or junior high school on fertility intention is relatively greater,and the influence of senior high school on fertility intention is the least.In terms of annual household income,middle income has the greatest influence on fertility intention,while high income and low income have relatively little influence on fertility intention.In order to improve fertile women’s fertility intentions,the proposed countermeasures include: correctly understanding that population is the core of national competitiveness,and cultivating awareness of population security;establishing and improving fertility subsidy policies to reduce the costs of childbirth and child rearing;reducing children’s medical and education expenses,improving the construction of public service systems for medical care and education;creating more jobs to ensure that young people are fully employed and enjoy the right to rest as workers;promoting the construction of an inclusive childcare service system,meeting the demand for childcare services for children under 3 years old;building a childbirth-friendly society and ensuring that fertile women are not affected by their leave and work during childbearing. |
