| Under the background that population aging has become irreversible,rural aging has become the difficulty and focus of our aging work,and there are increasingly serious problems of aging,incapacitation and empty-nest.The Party and the government attach great importance to physical exercise for the elderly,and issues related to physical exercise for the elderly have become the focus of research by scholars.However,there are few studies on issues related to physical exercise behavior of the elderly in rural areas,and the existing studies focus more on the influence of participation degree,age,gender,health status,health needs and other factors on physical exercise behavior of the elderly.There is a lack of analysis on the influencing factors of physical exercise behavior of rural elderly people,and a lack of discussion on the mediating effect of physical exercise intention on other factors influencing physical exercise behavior.How to improve the physical exercise behavior level of rural elderly people with different levels of physical exercise intentions needs to explore the potential influencing factors.By investigating the physical exercise behavior,intention of physical exercise,physical environment and social support of the rural elderly,the status of physical exercise behavior and related influencing factors of the rural elderly were analyzed,and the mechanism of physical exercise intention in the relationship between physical exercise environment,social support and physical exercise behavior was explored according to the theory of planned behavior and other theoretical models.On this basis,the paper makes a targeted analysis of the factors influencing the physical exercise behavior of the rural elderly with different levels of physical exercise intention,which provides a theoretical basis for the formulation and implementation of the plan to improve the level of physical exercise behavior of the rural elderly.This study conducted data collection from April 2022 to September 2022,and selected the elderly in rural areas of Tangshan,Hebei Province meeting the inclusion criteria through stratified random sampling.Physical exercise behavior,physical exercise intention,physical exercise environment and social support of the rural elderly were collected by the Questionnaire on Physical Exercise Behavior and Influencing Factors of the elderly.A total of394 questionnaires were sent out and collected,and 375 were valid,with effective recovery of95%.The obtained data were described in the form of mean±standard deviation.Independent sample T test was used to analyze the inter-group differences in physical exercise behavior of rural elderly people of different genders and ages,as well as the inter-group differences in scores of each influencing factor;Physical environment,physical exercise intention and social support were used as independent variables to stratify the physical exercise behavior of the rural elderly;Univariate analysis of variance and multiple post-hoc comparison were used to analyze the differences between groups of physical exercise behavior of the rural elderly,and to explore the influence of the above factors on physical exercise behavior;The correlation analysis of physical exercise behavior,physical exercise environment,physical exercise intention and social support was conducted;AMOS 24.0 was used to analyze the path between the above influencing factors and physical exercise behavior,and to explore the mediating effect of physical exercise intention on the mechanism of physical exercise behavior influenced by physical exercise environment and social support;According to the intention level of physical exercise,the rural elderly were stratified,and through multiple linear regression,the main influencing factors of physical exercise behavior of the rural elderly with different intention of physical exercise were deeply analyzed..Bear Fruit:1.Basic information of physical exercise behavior and its influencing factors in the rural elderly:he physical exercise behavior(12.21 ± 0.58)was low intensity,physical exercise intention(6.86 ± 0.18),physical environment(24.27 ± 0.28),and social support(31.64 ±10.43)were all moderate.According to gender,male seniors had numerically higher physical exercise behavior scores(12.36±0.86)and physical exercise intention scores(7.08±0.23)were both higher than female rural seniors(12.05 ± 0.76,6.61 ± 0.22),perceived physical environment scores(24.47 ± 0.42)and social support scores(31.99 ± 0.62)(24.09 ±0.38,31.33±0.59),but were not statistically significant(P> 0.05).According to the age stage,the physical exercise behavior,physical exercise intention,sports environment,and social support scores decreased in the inverted U type,and the highest in 65-69(16.04±1.42,25.42± 0.48)and social support(33.19 ± 0.87),but only physical exercise behavior and sports environment were statistically significant(P> 0.05).2.Correlation between physical exercise behavior,physical exercise intentions,social support,and sports environment in rural elderlyPhysical exercise behavior in rural elderly was positively and strongly associated with physical exercise intention(r=0.639),social support(r=0.606),positive moderately related with sports environment(r=0.555),physical exercise intention and social support(r=0.702),and positive moderate with sports environment(r=0.470).The results suggest that physical exercise intention is correlated to physical exercise behavior,physical environment,and social support,and may have a mediating role in the influence path of physical environment,social support,and physical exercise behavior.3.Analysis of the mediation effect of physical exercise behavior and physical exercise intention of rural elderly peopleThe path coefficient from physical exercise intention to physical exercise behavior was0.412(Z=2.951,P<0.05),indicating that physical exercise intention had a significant positive effect on physical exercise behavior.The path coefficient of physical environment on physical exercise behavior was 0.488(Z=2.004,P<0.05),indicating that physical environment had a positive and significant impact on physical exercise behavior.The path coefficient of social support on physical exercise behavior was 0.201(Z=1.721,P>0.05),indicating that social support positively affected physical exercise behavior but not significantly.In the path of "physical environment => physical exercise intention => physical exercise behavior",the confidence interval is [0.000~0.006],and the confidence interval does not contain 0.Physical exercise intention plays a partial mediating role in the influence of physical exercise environment on physical exercise behavior.In the path of "social support =>physical exercise intention => physical exercise behavior",the confidence interval is [0.023 ~0.148],the confidence interval does not contain 0,and the direct effect is not significant.Physical exercise intention plays a completely mediating role in the influence of social support on physical exercise behavior.The results suggest that physical environment,social support and physical exercise intention all have significant positive effects on physical exercise behavior of the rural elderly,and physical exercise intention plays an intermediary role in the path between social support and physical exercise environment and physical exercise behavior of the rural elderly.4.Main influencing factors of physical exercise behavior in rural elderly people with different levels of physical exercise behavior intentionsAccording fy the rural elderly with different levels of physical exercise intention,the influence of physical exercise behaviors.(1)Low intention low behavior rural elderly,sports environment(r=0.260),social support(r=0.287),have a positive effect on the physical exercise behavior,including "sports environment" in "sports environment"(r=0.331)and "social support" in "friend support"(r=0.273)factors have positive influence on the low intention low behavior rural elderly physical exercise behavior(P<0.05),other factors have positive influence,but not significant.The results suggest that improving the atmosphere environment and enhancing friend support can effectively increase the physical exercise behavior of low-intention low-behavior rural elderly.(2)With low intention and high behavior,only social support(r=0.172)had a positive but not significant effect on their physical exercise behavior(P>0.05).Similarly,only "friend support"(r=0.608)and "message support"(r=0.041)in "social support" had a positive but not significant impact on their physical exercise behavior(P>0.05).Further analysis of the answers to the relevant questions found that the score of "friends often participate in physical exercise" and "often praise their sports performance" was generally high.The results suggest that such older adults may be able to increase their physical exercise behavior only through the influence of their friends.(3)With low intention and high behavior,only social support(r=0.172)had a positive but not significant effect on their physical exercise behavior(P>0.05).Similarly,only "friend support"(r=0.608)and "message support"(r=0.041)in "social support" had a positive but not significant impact on their physical exercise behavior(P>0.05).Further analysis of the answers to the relevant questions found that the score of "friends often Partici Pate in Physical exercise" and "often praise their sports performance" was generally high.The results suggest that such older adults may be able to increase their physical exercise behavior only through the influence of their friends.(4)Rural elderly people with high intention and high behavior were positively and significantly affected by social support(r=0.328)(P<0.05),and positively affected by sports environment(r=0.026)but not significantly(P>0.05).The results suggest that improving the level of physical exercise behavior needs to improve their social support.Conclusion:1.Low level of sports behavior in the rural elderly in Tangshan,and sports intention plays a partial or total mediating role in the influence of the sports behavior pathways.2.The rural elderly with different levels of physical exercise behavior intentions have different factors affecting their physical exercise behavior.When designing the program or strategy to promote physical exercise behavior,the above differences should be fully considered and targeted guidance and intervention should be conducted. |
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