Study On The "overworked" Poverty And Settlement Intention Of Urban Migrants

At present,China has a large number of Migrants,and the seventh national population census data shows that the scale of the Migrants has reached 376 million people,forming a pattern of large-scale migration and large-scale mobility.Large scale population mobility helps stimulate urban vitality,make significant contributions to urban economic development,and accelerate the process of urbanization,industrialization,and modernization.However,most of the Migrants in cities engage in heavy physical labor,and most of them are at the bottom of the industrial workforce.Compared to urban residents,they cannot fully share the public services of the city,resulting in certain limitations on their development level and welfare status.This article has completed the following tasks: Firstly,using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data,a multidimensional poverty measurement framework including the dimension of "overwork" poverty was constructed,and poverty decomposition was conducted to examine the contribution rates of various indicators and subgroup dimensions to the multidimensional poverty index;Secondly,this paper chooses Logit model to study the impact of "overworked" poverty on the migrant population’s willingness to settle from the perspective of "overworked" poverty,and studies the individual heterogeneity of the impact of "overworked" poverty on the migrant population’s willingness to settle through heterogeneity analysis under different urban levels,occupational categories,and mobility ranges.At the same time,using the KHB mesomeric effect model,we choose three mediation variables: health status,non organizational participation,and non social integration,We studied the transmission mechanism of the crowding out effect of "overwork" poverty on the willingness of migrant population to settle.Finally,based on the study of "overwork" poverty among migrant populations,this article establishes an urban migrant friendly city index to evaluate the friendliness level of 297 cities in China and conducts factor analysis to study which cities are more suitable for migrant populations to "stay".After the above theoretical and empirical analysis,this article concludes as follows:(1)The Migrants generally faces the problems of "overwork" and multidimensional relative poverty.The average weekly working hours of the Migrants in 2017 were 56.62 hours,which is 23% higher than the average weekly working hours of urban employees;When the critical value k=0.1,the poverty incidence index is approximately 96%,which means that the Migrants is deprived of welfare indicators in at least one dimension of income,education,health,life,employment,integration,and security;Furthermore,after decomposing the multidimensional poverty index on different indicator dimensions,it was found that "overwork" has replaced income as the primary factor causing multidimensional poverty among the Migrants.(2)Overwork poverty has a significant inhibitory effect on the willingness of migrant populations to settle,and there is a crowding out effect.(3)There is individual heterogeneity in the impact of "overwork" poverty on the willingness of migrant populations to settle.The smaller the city size,the more significant the negative impact of "overwork" poverty on the willingness to settle,and the greater the probability of population outflow.(4)For migrant populations of different occupational categories,’overwork’ poverty significantly reduces their willingness to settle,and having a relatively stable profession and a relatively fixed workplace is more likely to choose to settle in the destination.(5)With the expansion of the scope of mobility,the inhibitory effect of "overwork" poverty on the willingness of migrant populations to settle gradually becomes greater,especially for the group of cross provincial mobility,who bear higher levels of mobility costs and social pressure.In addition,the inhibitory effect is even greater due to the longing for loved ones.(6)Overwork poverty indirectly reduces the willingness of migrant populations to settle by suppressing their willingness to participate in organizations and integrate into society,and damaging their health status.(7)By constructing a mobile population friendly city index and using factor analysis,it was found that Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Chongqing,and Tianjin are the five cities with the highest level of mobile population friendliness.In summary,compared to urban residents,migrant workers generally face serious "overwork" poverty problems,which have become the primary poverty causing factor for multidimensional poverty among migrant workers.They have a significant crowding out effect on their willingness to settle,and the smaller the city they are located in,the more unstable their occupation,and the wider the scope of population mobility,the stronger the crowding out effect.Based on the above research results,this article proposes the following policy recommendations:(1)The government should establish different labor time standards based on labor intensity and work returns,focus on controlling departments with severe "overwork",and set a daily labor time limit.(2)Based on the current situation of "overwork" poverty among the Migrants,the government should provide legal job protection,ensure the regularization of employment,and improve the job satisfaction of the Migrants 。(3)Strengthen supervision over employers and units,and ensure the right of employees to rest in accordance with the Labor Law.(4)Support enterprises to strengthen automation and information technology construction,improve production efficiency,and reduce labor intensity.(5)Strengthen publicity,education,and skill training to help workers improve work efficiency.(6)Build a social participation platform,strengthen the psychological counseling of the Migrants,and enhance their social integration and organizational participation.