Research On The Level Stratification Of Adult Participants’ Competitive Ability And The Standard Of Their Dominant Competitive Ability

By learning from the former Soviet Union’s athlete hierarchy,China has established a set of track and field athlete hierarchy standards based on sports performance according to its own national conditions.However,it is one-sided to evaluate athletes’competitive ability only according to their final sports performance.Some theoretical studies fail to report relevant results or only make descriptive evaluation of athletes’competitive level in the test process,which makes it impossible to conduct unified evaluation of subjects’competitive ability in subsequent studies.Therefore,it is very important to find out the physiological and sports quality evaluation indexes of different types of track and field athletes and put forward appropriate evaluation system for the development of follow-up research.Objective:To collect the common index and characteristic index of dominant competitive ability of adult track and field athletes in different categories by literature method.Collecting data and using the univariate analysis of variance in IBM SPSS 25,the leading competitive ability of track and field athletes in different groups was quantitatively analyzed.Objective terms and criteria of physiological,biochemical and sports quality are also provided.The accuracy of the standard was verified by experiments.The results of the study.1.Four criteria for evaluating the leading competitive ability of track and field athletes are found out by literature method,which are CMJ,1RM squat,1RM bench press and VO₂max.The results show that there is a great difference between male and female athletes in terms of gender.The CMJ jump height of male is about 25%higher than that of female at the same level.Female athletes have a gap of more than 30%in absolute strength of upper and lower limbs of 1RM.Among them,the difference of upper limb strength is more obvious.And the lower the exercise level,the greater the difference of upper limb absolute strength.The VO₂max difference of track and field athletes at the same level reach 12-15%.2.According to the results of mathematical statistics and experimental methods,each outcome index increased with the increase of exercise level.Moreover,there is a significant difference between most athletes of high proficiency（grade 4 and 5）and those of low proficiency（grade 1 and 2）.The leading competitive ability of male and female athletes is judged by the five-level evaluation method.The standard nodes of CMJ（cm）for male track and field athletes 1-5 are as follows:34.70、37.40、48.00、53.70.Women:27.00,33.00,37.10,43.89.Male 1RM half squat（kg）standards are as follows:99.80,137.10,171.50,244.50;Women:53.80,82.50,126.00,151.20;Male 1RM bench press（kg）standards are as follows:64.40,98.60,126.20,180.00;Women:34.20,43.98,78.05,97.00;Male VO2max（ml·kg·min）was 48.20,54.50,63.10,69.30.Women:40.50,48.50,55.37,59.30.3.In terms of event-group training theory,there are a few differences between athletes in different projects at the same level.For example,the CMJ level of jumping and 100-meter dash athletes is better than that of throwing athletes.There is a little difference between throwing athletes’lower limb strength of 1RM half squat.The lower limb strength of shot putter is better than that of hammer throw,discus throw and javelin throw.Due to the limited amount of literature,no significant difference was found in the upper body strength of different athletes.At the same level,the VO₂max of ultra-long distance runners was larger than that of middle-distance runners.4.In terms of morphological characteristics,there is no significant difference between height,weight,BMI and sports class of track and field athletes.The body fat percentage of athletes showed a decreasing trend with the improvement of sports level,and sports experience was positively correlated with sports level.