Study On The Impact Of Rural Residents’ Family Life Cycle On Farmland Transfer

The effective allocation of land resources was very important.In the context of separation of the three rights,scholars often focus on the factors affecting farmland transfer at the individual level or the institutional level,but fail to take into account the differences in labor allocation caused by the periodic characteristics of rural families.Based on the analytical framework of Socialized Peasants,we uses 848 farmer survey data and adopts Heckman two-stage model for empirical test.The research finds that: As small farmers are increasingly involved in the socialized system,the labor earning capacity and consumption demand of workers within the family change with the evolution of family life cycle,prompting small farmers to obtain the maximum monetary income through the effective allocation of family labor,leading to different decisions on farmland transfer.More Specifically,this paper has some empirical findings.In terms of the demand for farmland transfer,family life cycle has a significant impact on small farmers’ farmland-transfer behavior and farmland-transfer rate.First,different from the "inverted U-shaped" distribution of family life cycle in land transfer or scale operation intention found in previous studies,the newly constructed family life cycle model shows an "M" shape in land transfer probability and land transfer rate considering the changes of "labor and consumption power" in each stage of household life cycle.Most of the Raising-I-periods,Burden-I-periods and Support-periods were preferred to transfer more agricultural land to cultivate,and the probability of transferring to agricultural land demand and expanding agricultural production was high.Second,the T-test between different categories of family life cycle further shows that,based on the objective reality of rural feminization,it is quite reasonable to divide rural family life cycle according to the "motherhood penalty" of child care for female labor force.Thirdly,the influencing factors of farmland transfer are heterogeneous,and the influencing factors are different in each stage of family life cycle.From the perspective of the supply side of farmland transfer,family life cycle has no significant impact on the decision of farmland transfer to others.The socialized peasants who take monetary ethics as the action ethics criterion have a rational choice of both working and farming to reduce the scale of agricultural production.Therefore,most small farmers participate in the decision of transferring farmland,resulting in no difference in regression results.However,the study found that the probability of participation in land transfer behavior in the Raising-II-periods and Stable-periods with unrestricted labor capacity was significantly lower than that in other periods,which was different from the "U-shaped" distribution of family life cycle on land transfer behavior in the past.The probability of the supply side of farmland transfer behavior showed a "Wshaped" distribution.Finally,the influencing factors of farmland transfer behavior are different in different family stages.Generally speaking,the Raising-I periods,the Burden-I-periods and the Supportperiods were more involved in the transfer of farmland;Less participation in agricultural land transfer in Raising-II and Stable-periods;The Initial-periods,Burden-II-periods and Empty-nest-periods are the main suppliers of farmland transfer,but seldom become the demand side of farmland transfer.Finally,the Heckman two-stage econometric model was adopted to improve the estimation results and ensure the robustness of research conclusions.Based on the above findings,this paper argues that,in fostering new agricultural business entities,differentiated treatment should be given to families in different life cycles.With the evolution of family life cycle,the behavior and motivation of socialized peasants are constrained by the pressure of family monetary expenditure,which is manifested as differentiated decision-making of farmland transfer.This paper found that the rural families is so different that we should identify the period that family in,which can help us to answer the practical question of "which family is farming" and "which family should farm" in rural areas.Meanwhile,it also help us to cultivate the farmland-transfer market,and make agricultural land resources allocate efficiently.