Research On Evaluation And Optimization Strategy Of Homestead Multi-functions Under The Background Of Rural Vitalization

Rural homestead is the important carrier for survival and development of rural population in China.However,with the rapid urbanization and industrialization,problems sunch as idleness and extensive utilization of homesteads has gradually emerged,which hinder the sustainable development of rural areas.The implementation of Rural Vitalization Strategy(RVS)has promoted the flow and aggregation of urban and rural elements.The diversified development of rural industries has made homesteads derive multiple functions from a single residential function.With the continuous advancement of RVS,the rural development and living structure of farmers are becoming more complicated.The trend of trade-off or synergistic evolution among homestead functions will be more obvious,which puts forward higher requirements for the reform of homestead system.Under the background,these urgent issues as below need to be solved in the utilization and management of rural homestead: What is the current function of the homestead? Which direction should be optimized? How should it be optimized?Therefore,it is vital important to carry out research on evaluation of homestead functions.Based on the demonstration of rural vitalization and reform of homestead system,Deqing County,Zhejiang Province is selected as the study area,and the general approach of study is conducted,which is "function division-function evaluation-function optimization".Firstly,village-level homestead function is chosen as the research object,homestead functions are divided and identified by "element-structure-function" paradigm,and an analysis framework for the evaluation and optimization of homestead function is constructed based on the "inner core-outer edge" system.Secondly,based on the survey data of 103 typical villages in Deqing County,methods of comprehensive weighting model,correlation analysis,stepwise regression and other measurement methods are adapted to measure and analyze the homestead functions.The contents of evaluation contain values and advantages of functions,the trade-off and synergies between functions,and the driving force of function change.Finally,based on the evaluation results,optimization strategies and policy suggestions are put forward for the homestead functions among types of villages under the background of RVS.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)Villages are classified into four types: agglomeration and upgrading,suburban integration,characteristic protection,relocation and evacuation.Homesteads are divided into four functions: social,economic,ecological and cultural.The "inner core-outer edge" system of homestead function is construted,in which the inner core is a 2022 "human-land" composite system,and the outer edge is a "five-in-one" rural system.The inner core and outer edge system interact by supply and demand of elements.The outer edge system supplies elements to the inner core system to drive the changes of homestead functions.The inner core system generates function benefits to respond to the outer edge system and meet needs of rural development.(2)During 2015 to 2020,the scores of social and ecological function of homesteads in Deqing are generally high.However,with the implementation of RVS and reform of homestead system,the multi-function of homesteads has shown evolutionary trend of complexity and differentiation.Overall,during the study period,social functions of homesteads continue to decline,while ecological and cultural functions continue to rise.The economic functions show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.From the village types,social functions of homesteads in four types of villages continue to decline,while the ecological functions continue to rise.Except for economic functions of characteristic protected villages and cultural functions of relocation and evacuation villages,which increase first and then decrease,the economic and cultural functions of other types of villages show a continuous upward trend.(3)There is heterogeneity in advantages of homestead functions in types of villages.The advantages of functions in agglomeration and upgrading villages are social function and ecological function,whose dominant degrees are 1.019 and 1.009 respectively.Four functions of suburban integration villages show a balanced development trend,and ecological function has a slight advantage,whose dominant degrees is 1.004.The advantages of functions in characteristic protected villages are cultural function and ecological function,whose dominant degrees are 1.438 and 1.003 respectively.The advantages of functions in relocation and evacuation villages are economic function and social function,whose dominant degrees are 1.502 and 1.030 respectively.(4)There are trade-offs and synergies between homestead functions.There are differences in strength of trade-offs among types of villages.There is a moderate synergistic relationship between social and ecological functions,whose correlation coefficient is 0.544.There is a moderate trade-off relationship between social and economic functions,whose correlation coefficient is-0.461.Except for characteristic protected villages,the other three types of villages have high trade-off intensity,especially relocated and merged villages have the greatest functional conflict.There is a weak trade-off relationship between economic function and ecological function,whose correlation coefficient is-0.312.Except for relocation and evacuation villages,the other three types of villages have low trade-off intensity,and the characteristic protected villages have the least functional conflict.(5)Factors such as nature,economy,society,and culture of rural areas drive changes of homestead mult-functions,but there are differences in the driving factors of different functions.Factors such as the distance from towns,village regulations with homesteads have significant positive effects on the social function changes.Factors such as the mountainous terrain and non-agricultural leading industries of villages have significant positive effects on the economic function changes,while the distance from towns has negative effects.Factors such as the distance from towns,village regulations with homesteads,rate of confirmation and certification of homesteads,and history culture all have significant positive effects on the ecological function changes.Factors such as the number of highly educated village cadres and township elites,and festival cultural activities have significant positive effects on the cultural function changes.(6)Differentiated optimization strategies for homestead multi-functions in different types of villages should be formulated according to different optimization directions.Agglomeration and upgrading villages should lead the development of social and ecological functions of homesteads,and regulate the developed scale of economic functions reasonably.Suburban integration villages should develop social,ecological and cultural functions of homesteads in a balanced manner,while economic functions is regulated reasonably.Characteristic protection villages should dominate the cultural and ecological functions of homesteads,and increase investment in economic functions to promote coordinated development between economic and ecological functions.Relocation and evacuation villages should dominate economic functions on the basis of ensuring basic social and ecological functions of homesteads.Combined with above conclusions and rural investigation,policy suggestions are put forward from Rural Vitalization and Homestead System Reform.First,to focus on improving the industry,ecology and talents in Rural Vitalization;Second,to solve works of confirming rights and history problems in Homestead System Reform.