Research On The Relationship Of Benefit Distribution Of Rural Tourism In Bulaggach

Since the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization,rural tourism,with its strong market advantages,emerging industrial vitality and huge driving effect,has achieved remarkable results in promoting farmers and herdsmen’s income,improving the living environment,perfecting infrastructure and passing on traditional culture.The development of rural tourism has promoted the flow of production factors,attracted different actors to join,and shaped a new pattern of interests.However,the diversity of stakeholders has also led to a complex distribution of tourism benefit among the various actors.Existing studies on the distribution of benefit in rural tourism have focused on the cooperative game between the government,enterprises and residents,with less research on the distribution of benefit in a particular village,and little attention paid to the heterogeneity within local farmers and herdsmen.This paper chooses the rural tourism demonstration area,the BuLaGe Gacha in Ejin Horo Banner,Inner Mongolia,as the research location.BuLaGe Gacha is a gathering place of Inner Mongolian customs and traditions,and relies on its unique geographical location,deep ethnic history and cultural heritage,and superior natural ecological environment to vigorously develop tourism and form a collective economic organisation to lead farmers and herdsmen to prosperity.However,in a field research in February 2022,it was found that the benefit distribution relationship between the local government,tourism enterprises,village committee and farmers and herdsmen was not optimistic,and there was an imbalance in the benefit distribution structure of tourism in BuLaGe Gacha,with farmers and herdsmen having stronger demands.On this premise,this paper starts from the theory of stakeholder,the theory of distributive justice and the theory of social network analysis,and elaborates on four principles that should be followed in the distributive justice of tourism benefit in the BuLaGe Gacha under the guidance of distributive justice theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics:distribution based on the principle of equality,initial distribution based on the principle of contribution,redistribution according to the principle of compensation,and distribution under the concept of shared development.Based on the data obtained from the questionnaire survey and interviews,the stakeholders of tourism benefit distribution in the BuLaGe Gacha are divided into 4 major categories and 14 sub-categories,and the network model of tourism benefit distribution in the BuLaGe.Gacha is constructed by using the social network analysis method,and the network density,E-I index,network centrality,structural holes and intermediaries are used as the measurement criteria to analyse the pattern of tourism benefit distribution relationship in the BuLaGe Gacha.The network model characteristics indicators show that:the overall cohesiveness of the tourism benefit distribution network in the BuLaGe Gacha is high;the local government and tourism enterprises have a high centrality,and the centrality of farmers and herders and the village committee is low;the centrality of different types of farmers and herders is obviously different,and obvious hierarchical differences and imbalances appear;the village committee has the largest effective scale,the highest efficiency and the lowest limiting system;farmers and herders who do not join the tourism development are permanently in the marginal areas of the tourism benefit distribution network.On the basis of quantitative analysis,combined with field questionnaires and interviews,the problems of tourism benefit distribution relations in BuLaGe Gacha were explored.It was found that tourism enterprises have weak cooperative relationships with farmers and herdsmen,little support for farmers and herdsmen,and competing benefit with the collective economic organisations engaged in tourism in the BuLaGe Gacha;the government’s guiding role in financial support and talent support is not obvious,and it favours tourism enterprises in its policies;farmers and herdsmen have gradually developed a crisis of trust with the village committee in the process of expressing their demands for the distribution of benefit from rural tourism;The innate natural location factors and the later development planning have led to the economy-spatial differentiation in the BuLaGe Gacha,and the differences between farmers and herdsmen have been further stretched,with a tendency of polarisation.Analysing the reasons behind the problem of the distribution of interests in rural tourism in BuLaGe Gacha,the weak sense of social responsibility of tourism enterprises,the unclear positioning of the government’s role,the specialism of the rules for the distribution of interests,and the inadequacy of the mechanism for the compensation of interests and the expression of interests jointly lead to the complication of the distribution of benefit in tourism in BuLaGe Gacha,making the distribution of tourism benefit unjust.This paper puts forward detailed countermeasure suggestions from three aspects:building a community of benefit in rural tourism,cultivating farmers and herdsmen to be the main force in rural tourism,and promoting distribution justice through multiple channels and platforms.Only by paying full attention to the distribution of benefit in the process of tourism industry development,implementing the principles of distributive justice theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics and building a harmonious benefit distribution relationship,can we truly share the fruits of development through rural tourism driven by all people.