Research On Double-edged Sword Effect Mechanism Of Perceived Over-qualification On Employees’ Voice Behavior

The 21 st century is an era of the deep development of globalization and the expansion of knowledge economy.Enterprises in emerging economies represented by China are shaking the change of the world economic structure.International business activities are more widely carried out,and factor resources flow and replace more frequently,which requires the transformation and upgrading of transnational human resources management.In order to maintain their advantages in the competitive environment of global integration and the rapid development of knowledge economy,multinational enterprises not only require employees to upgrade their skills and qualifications,but also hope that highly qualified employees can actively provide ideas and suggestions to organizations,so as to change the status quo of individuals and organizations,thus achieving performance and maintaining sustainable competitiveness.Over-qualification is regarded as a state of underemployment.From a global perspective,it is a common phenomenon of talent surplus and resource loss.It means that the skills,experience,knowledge and ability of employees exceed their job requirements.Traditionally,it is believed that the sense of over-qualification will bring organizational destructive effects,such as the suggestion behavior that is not conducive to employees,and the "bright side" of over-qualification is neglected: it can promote suggestions,innovations and other behaviors through the upgrading mechanism of individual psychological cognition.At the same time,there is also a lack of unified theory and model to integrate the dual effects of over-qualification on organizational behavior.Therefore,the purpose of this dissertation is to study how employees’ sense of over-qualification affects their voice behavior,and to explore how to produce double-edged sword effect under the dual process through emotional mechanism(emotional exhaustion)and cognitive mechanism(self-efficacy),based on the unified theory of resource conservation.In addition,this dissertation will also explore the regulatory role of careerism orientation.In this dissertation,a multi-time questionnaire survey was conducted among459 employees of a large multinational enterprise in a financial field in southwest China.The collected data were analyzed and tested by SPSS26.0 and AMOS26.0.The findings are as follows:(1)Over-qualification will generally promote employees’ voice behavior;(2)Self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion play a partial mediation role;(3)Self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion,as cognitive and emotional mechanisms,respectively,make the sense of over-qualification play a double-edged sword effect on voice behavior;(4)Careerism orientation does not significantly positively regulate the positive correlation between the sense of over-qualification and emotional exhaustion/self-efficacy.Based on the above findings,at the theoretical level,this dissertation enriches the research perspectives and methods of the sense of over-qualification,and also expands the research of resource conservation theory in the field of organizational behavior.On the practical level,this dissertation also puts forward some useful suggestions for multinational company leaders on how to recruit and manage over-qualified employees from various countries and how to motivate them to make more effective suggestions for the organization.