Research On Sustainable Livelihoods Of Landless Farmers In The Construction Of Special Towns

The report of the 20th Party Congress put forward the strategic goal of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization,and clearly defined the general blueprint of rural revitalization by insisting on the priority development of agriculture and rural areas,insisting on the integrated development of urban and rural areas,unblocking the flow of urban and rural elements,and solidly promoting the revitalization of rural industries,talents,culture,ecology and organization.As China’s new urbanization process continues to advance,characteristic towns play a positive role in renewing the face of China’s countryside,promoting the transformation of traditional production and operation modes,and raising the income level of farmers.However,at the same time,the number of farmers who lost their land due to the construction of characteristic towns has also increased,and the loss of land means the loss of livelihood and security for farmers,which has gradually become a social concern and affected the development of characteristic towns.It is of great practical significance to study how to solve the problem of sustainable livelihoods of farmers who become "sacrificial victims" due to the construction of characteristic towns,in order to accelerate the construction of a harmonious socialist society,promote the comprehensive development of China’s agricultural and rural farmers,and the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.This study investigates the sustainable livelihoods of landless farmers from the perspectives of livelihood capital and livelihood capacity according to the sustainable livelihoods theory.The study combines the literature research method to sort out and summarize the domestic and foreign literature about the construction of characteristic towns and landless farmers,and obtains the survey data of landless farmers in village Z of J province through the questionnaire method,and then uses the interview method to understand the sustainable livelihoods of landless farmers in village Z in depth.The study shows that the living environment of the landless farmers in village Z has been improved during the construction of the characteristic town.However,there are also certain problems,mainly in two major aspects: one is the lack of livelihood capital and the other is the lack of livelihood capacity.The author believes that the livelihood problems faced by the landless farmers are mainly due to three reasons:history,policy and the landless farmers themselves.Among them,historical factors include the poor natural conditions of Z villages and the split between urban and rural dichotomy;policy factors include the inadequate social security system,the single way of compensation for land acquisition,and the lack of employment policies and training guidance services;and self factors include the difficulties in changing traditional ideology,insufficient cultural knowledge,and insufficient skills.Based on the above empirical analysis,this paper proposes countermeasures to promote sustainable livelihoods of dislocated farmers in the construction of characteristic towns: improving the employment training system of dislocated farmers,enhancing social capital of dislocated farmers,guiding dislocated farmers to start their own businesses,improving social security and strengthening the protection of land rights and interests of dislocated farmers.The study of landless farmers facing difficulties due to the construction of characteristic towns is not only individualized,but also has reference value for project-based construction involving land acquisition in other regions,and can provide new ideas for related work.