| As a welfare distribution,China’s homestead system has the political attributes of ensuring that farmers have a place to live and maintain rural social stability,and with the breaking of the urban-rural dual system,a large outflow of rural population,frequent occurrence of rural “hollow villages”phenomenon,and the rise of homestead composite utilization forms such as farmhouses and homestays with rural tourism as an opportunity,homesteads have derived other forms of social use,and rural hidden trading markets for the purpose of collecting land rent and other income have gradually been established.The change of homestead utilization mode shows that the homestead management system under China’s traditional welfare security goal is no longer suitable for the transformation of farmers’ demand for homestead under the background of urban-rural integration.In order to rationally allocate land resources and meet the requirements of new urbanization construction,it is necessary to study the withdrawal intention of farmers’ homesteads from the perspective of urban-rural integrated development,pay more attention to the needs of farmers’ homesteads and their dynamic changes,and formulate homestead exit policies that can fully respect farmers’ wishes,protect farmers’ basic rights,and meet farmers’ future development needs.Based on ERG demand theory,urban-rural integration development and welfare demand theory,this paper takes Jianou City,Fujian Province as the research object,and uses 1366 survey sample data obtained by questionnaire survey method as basic data to statistically analyze the overview of farmers’ homestead withdrawal,and empirically analyzes the homestead needs of farmers with the help of IV-Probit model,principal component analysis method,KANO model to identify the homestead needs of farmers and analyze their demand heterogeneity,and analyze influencing factors of urban-rural integrated development on farmers’ homestead withdrawal willingness,influence mechanism of farmers’ homestead demand level on homestead withdrawal willingness under the background of urban-rural integrated development was comprehensively studied.The influence of farmers’ welfare expectations on homestead withdrawal willingness was empirically explored,and its influence on the withdrawal willingness was analyzed in different village types.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The homestead demand of farmers in the survey area is heterogeneous.The level of farmers’ demand for homesteads can be divided into three categories: low-level residential and production needs,medium-level economic and asset needs,and high-level future security needs.According to the level of demand,the demand for homestead of farmers is divided into three types: residence-dependence,economyutilization,and security-expectation,and the demand of farmers for homestead shows the utilization trend of “giving priority to meeting the needs of residence,striving for asset-based use of homestead,and looking forward to future development security”.The demand for homesteads of farmers has a positive correlation effect on the willingness to withdraw,and the rise of the demand level of homesteads can positively improve the willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads.(2)The willingness of farmers to quit homesteads in the survey areas is obviously driven by the integrated development of urban and rural areas.From the perspective of exit barriers,the obstacles to the withdrawal of elderly homesteads are the influence of the traditional concept of “the ancestral homestead cannot be moved”,the obstacles to the withdrawal of middle-aged homesteads are left to the inheritance demands of future generations,and the obstacles to the withdrawal of new homesteads are that the existing exit compensation standards do not meet the expected standards of farmers.The integrated development of urban and rural areas has a significant impact on the improvement of the demand level of homesteads.The integrated development of urban and rural areas has a positive correlation with the intergenerational intention of rural households on the withdrawal willingness of homesteads.The intergenerational effect of farmers in the path of urban-rural integration and the positive influence of demand level on the exit of farmers’ homesteads has a regulating role,and the willingness of new-generation intergenerational farmers to withdraw from homesteads is more significantly affected by urban-rural integration and demand level.(3)The welfare improvement needs of farmers in the survey areas had a significant impact on the willingness to quit homesteads,and the differential effects were characterized by village type.Housing security,living subsidies,infrastructure construction,and basic medical care and pension have a positive and significant impact on farmers’ homestead withdrawal willingness,and monetary compensation,employment support,participation and supervision rights,and implementation time costs have significant negative effects on farmers’ homestead withdrawal willingness.From the perspective of village type,suburban farmers have material welfare improvement needs for housing security,monetary compensation,and living subsidies,service-oriented welfare enhancement demands for infrastructure construction,basic medical and old-age services,and rural culture protection,and policy-based welfare enhancement needs for participation and supervision rights,and implementation time costs.Based on the above research results,in order to improve the willingness of farmers to withdraw from homesteads,improve the quality of homestead management,and implement rural revitalization policies,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:(1)the promotion of homestead management should refine the types of farmers’ exit and differentiate the control of homesteads;(2)Explore the homestead qualification right guarantee system,and respect the reasonable land use needs of farmers;(3)Improve the construction of supporting facilities for the withdrawal of homesteads,and establish a long-term risk prevention and control mechanism;(4)Reform the homestead withdrawal work system and strengthen the overall planning and linkage between urban and rural areas. |
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