| Quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an important part of TCM modernization, which shows the future developments in TCM. Nowadays, however, it is seriously chaotic to find that both medicine materials with or without being authorized and synonyms or isonyms are used as medicines. There are many factors to cause those such as large quantity in number, different usage customs in various places, simple record in ancient Ben Cao and misusing etc. As a complicated multiple-component system, TCM has many kinds of chemical components, while the impacting factors of the components in TCM are complicated, even in the same medicine material, the effective chemical components are various because of the different habitats, collecting, storage and processing methods. All of these factors seriously impact the quality of TCM and the security in its using. The quality control of TCM has become the focus and the difficult point in the TCM modernization for a long time. Fingerprint of TCM is accepted by international society as effective means in the quality control of TCM at present. For the reason that the chemical components in TCM are complicated, the pharmacology-activities of various compounds are different. The therapy effect is determined by one or more chemical constituents, only to analyse a few peaks can't reveal the material foundation of the effective components and the entire feature of TCM. The different chemical components in one medical material has different pharmacology-effects in the therapy of different diseases. Therefore, the quality control of TCM should combine with its clinical application in order to ensure its curative effect and security. In this article, we have investigated the active chemical constituents with clinical application and pharmacology-activity which have reported in various genus of Langdu. Based on these work, we hope to provide some evidences in the study of the quality control of Langdu.Langdu is a well-recognized traditional Chinese medicine, which is used for the treatment of hydrothorax, ascites, carbuncles, sores and scrofula. It is a toxic herb authorized as the root of Stellera chamaejasme L., Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. The first record of Langdu was on a book named ShengnongBencao, The collection in Chinese Pharmacopoeia about Langdu has been cut off since the version of 1977. In the last ten years, the application of Langdu took good effects in antitumor, consumption and dermatogic disease in civilian. The research of natural products shows that different kinds of Langdu materials have different chemical components. Stellera chamaejasme L. have daphane diterpene which has effects in antitumor, and flavonoids in Stellera chamaejasme L. have the effect of antibiosis and antivirus. Langdu from Euphorbia family have abietane diterpene, derivations of acetylphloroglucinol and so on, abietane diterpene is the main medical constituents with anticancer effect. Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud of the same family have different chemical components. Because of the different sources of Langdu material, the chemical components in them are different, and some of them are toxic. If using them to treat the same disease without distinguishing, it can't get the prospective therapeutic results and will lead to severe adverse effect with most possibility.As the botanical variety of Langdu herb is so common, the source materials of Langdu in different areas are confused. At present, the herb of Langdu in China has almost 3 families and 12 species. In some area such as Sichuan and Yunnan, Stellera chamaejasme f.chrysantha is taken the place of Stellera chamaejasme L. as medical material. The dry root of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim is similar with the root of Stellera chamaejasme L., it is often confused with Stellera chamaejasme L. leading to poison. In Guangdong, Alocasia odora(roxb.)C.Koch) is always used as Langdu. For all of those mentioned above, it's necessary to establish an effective analytical method to identify and control the source of the medicine material of Langdu.At present, the quality control method of Langdu mainly contains traditional micro-appreciation and TLC, etc. HPLC was also used to determine chemical quantity in medical material. These methods only aim to analyse one or several compounds in Langdu, which can't reflect the diversity and the characterization of the bioactive components in different materials of Langdu effectively. Accordingly, it is essential to establish an analytical method to analyze the chemical constituents in different kinds of Langdu and control its quality.In this article, the main bioactive chemical constituents of three kinds of Langdu material are investigated. Orthogonal design methods are used to optimize the extraction condition of chemical constituents in Langdu. Phenylpropanoid glycosides, Coumarins, lignanoids, biflavanones, diterpenes in Stellera chamaejasme L. and diterpenes and derivations of acetylphloroglucinol in Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud are separated by HPLC method with being optimized. We also coupled HPLC with TOF/MS to qualitatively analyze the main chemical compounds of biflavanones, daphnoretin, umbelliferone, etc in Stellera chamaejasme L. and fischerana A, jolkinolide A, jolkinolide B, ebracteolata cpd B, ebracteolata cpd B, etc in the Langdu material from Euphorbia family. Then we used HPLC-MSn to try explaining the fragmentation pathways of the main component in Langdu. It can be inferred that biflavanones and coumarins are the characteristic chemical constituents of Stellera chamaejasme L., that abietane diterpene is the characteristic chemical constituent of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, and that derivations of acetylphloroglucinol and abietane diterpenes are the characteristic chemical constituents of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata. It offers some reliable evidences to the identification and quality control of different Langdu materials. At last, we used HPLC-MS to analyze three materials of Langdu aiming to provide an example in the identification of Langdu by HPLC-MS. Based on these work, it provided the evidences in establishing the fingerprint of Langdu and studying of its quality control, and provide a reference in reasonable clinical using of different species of Langdu material, it is helpful in obtaining reference standards of bioactivity constituents in Langdu and its metabolism in vivo.
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