| BackgroundSince the implementation of Occupational Disease Prevention Law, occupational disease must contain the high momentum. But with late-onset diseases and occult characteristics, experts estimate that China's annual occupational diseases is greater than the actual number of reports, so that the number of new cases in recent years, still increasing, the current situation is still grim occupational disease prevention.With international economic integration, as well as in the economic, social and cultural rights, the international conventions and other international human rights convention, the who occupational health care for all occupational health strategy and implementation of the iloglobal elimination of Silicosis plan, China's occupational health work facing new challenges.China is the world's first coal production and consumption of power, coal has been the country's major energy and important raw materials. China's coal mining to underground mining-based approach, the mining conditions difficult, complex geological conditions and mining technology behind, for the control of occupational hazards has brought great difficulties. Coal mining process covers almost dust, noise, vibration, heat, toxic gases, radioactive pollution, poor working conditions and other occupational hazards. At present, China's coal industry is the world's most serious hazards of pneumoconiosis industry. The coal industry is the major energy industry Zhangqiu, the workers reached 8,000 people. The state-owned coal mining coal in the individual and collective and small coal mines in a form three, Lead occupational health inputs, the production technology and management model exist large gap. They just blindly pursue economic efficiency of enterprises, yet the health of workers as the cornerstone of their economic benefits, a large number of pneumoconiosis. In recent years, with the "People's Republic of Occupational Disease Prevention Law" in-depth follow-up and implementation, Health Authority to increase the city's various business enterprises, especially occupational health supervision of coal, the coal companies to fully recognize the occupational hazards of the business and interests of workers, occupational health increasingly toward standardization.PurposesAbout Zhangqiu small coal mining industry, the basic situation of occupational hazards;About Zhangqiu small coal mining industry production processes and process the basic situation;About Zhangqiu small coal mining industry occupational exposure to harmful factors on the occupational health check of the basic situation;Strengthen small and medium sized coal mining industry of occupational health management, effective control of occupational hazards, an effective way to protect the health of workers.Object and research methodsThrough on-site investigation, site inspection, occupational health checks and other methods for comprehensive evaluation.Object:Seven Zhangqiu Group 6292 Coal mine workers.On-site investigation:Underground coal industry production system and production system ground investigation process, the production process the distribution of major occupational hazards survey. Field testing:testing in accordance with existing relevant national standards, for seven mine-site detection of occupational hazards or collect information before testing.Occupational health examination:Group of Seven coal miners were 6292 health care file for analysis. Analysis includes examination rate, the total abnormal rate, lung abnormalities, hearing impairment rate.Occupational Health Management Survey:Seven Coal Group Occupational Health Management conducted a survey, the survey include:occupational health management agencies; occupational disease prevention and control measures and implementation; detect the development of occupational hazards; health care situation; worker personal protective equipment situation; occupational health education; occupational health file management.Statistical analysis:χ2 test, u test.ResultsThe survey found that through the process of coal production mainly in dust (coal dust, silica dust, cement dust, etc.), noise, toxic gases (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, etc.), poor working conditions and other occupational harmful factors.The survey process is the detection of occupational hazards from each coal mine group to select a site inspection, a total of seven coal mines, respectively, of dust (coal dust, silica dust), noise, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc. occupational hazards was tested, the overall pass rate of 84.1%, 83.7% pass rate among dust, noise,66.7% pass rate, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, three kinds of hazardous gas detection qualification rate is 100%. Failure rate among the highest dust is boring job and the highest failure rate of secondary is post-noise.The coal group of the company's 6292 exposure to occupational hazards occupational health examination of workers study found that:the existence of the production process workers, occupational hazards have been the body of workers with varying degrees of damage. Occupational health checks on all workers to participate in physical abnormalities was 41.8%, of which the workers exposed to dust detected in the 233 dual markings increase the detection rate was 3.7%, increased lung markings detected in 43 people with small shadow, the detection rate of 0.7%. Noise exposure of workers in the detection of hearing loss occurred 16, the detection rate was 0.2%. Excavation work in which a higher rate of lung abnormalities, while other types are relatively low; aid workers a higher rate of hearing loss, while other types are low.Zhangqiu set up Coal Group company, Zhangqiu City Health Authority for each coal group and strengthen law enforcement efforts, the company also actively cooperate earnestly implement the "Occupational Disease Prevention Law" and other laws and regulations, the establishment of the mine's "professional Health Management Files ", to develop a variety of appropriate occupational health management system, establish and improve the occupational health surveillance archives; the group of occupational hazards protective equipment and facilities can regular maintenance to ensure the normal operation; timely dissemination of personal protective equipment, site investigation found that individual workers do not wear.ConclusionAccording to the survey findings, the following conclusions:1. Coal mining industry-wide dust, noise, hazards and other harmful gases. The survey of harmful gases all in compliance with state regulations limit exposure, dust concentrations exceed the exposure limits prescribed by the state with fewer noise level exceeds the exposure limits of the state more. Boring dust which positions the lowest pass rate; auxiliary positions noise the lowest pass rate.2. Different types of occupational health check different from the overall abnormal rate, auxiliary workers than mining engineering, mining engineering lowest total abnormal rate. The excavation workers have a higher rate of lung abnormalities while the aid workers have a higher rate of abnormal hearing.3.The survey of the mines have been found in the occupational hazards for workers adversely affect health, such as dust exposure increased staff who have dual markings, noise exposure who have hearing loss.4.Zhangqiu coal mining industry, mainly in mining and artificial combination of mechanical mining practices, and most of the small coal mining is the main man.5. Most coal mines in the survey effectively implement the "Occupational Disease Prevention Law," to establish and improve the "occupational health management files", including the appropriate occupational health management organizations, institutions, and (part-time) personnel, occupational health management system is more robust, to better inform the hazards of occupational diseases. |
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