Studies On Sino-US Systems On Inspection And Quarantine For Poultry Meat In Contrasts And Chinese Countermeasures

China is the great power in producing the poultry product, but the weak in exporting.The major reason that restrict the export of poultry product are continuously epidemicsituation for poultry, unsound law and regulation on inspection and quarantine and therelated standards and procedures for animal, and unimproved regulating, etc. However,the United States is not only the great power in producing the poultry product, but also inexporting and importing of that, owning to its sound procedures and system of law andregulation on inspection and quarantine for poultry product with basically compliance tothe principles of WTO SPS Agreement.The above mentioned causes also result in China's failure export of the poultry productto the US, therefore, guided by the theories of Preventive Veterinary Science, VeterinaryCode, Animals Health and Management, through the comparative and individual study onSino-US systems of management, law and regulation and market access system, andtechnical requirement for inspection and quarantine for poultry product, based on theauthor's on-site investigates and visits to the poultry production areas and the relatedmanufactures in both countries, and the other information on this subject from herattending meetings and trainings in US and co-working with US officials, the thesisanalyses the experiences from the US which can be drawn by China, focus on analyzingthe shortcomings in Chinese side, and put forward the proposal on improving theregulation on inspection and quarantine for meat & poultry product and governmentalregulating capability.The purposes of the thesis are to facilitate the improvement of law and regulation oninspection and quarantine for poultry product, governmental enforcement capability,overall safety and sanitary level of slaughtering, producing and processing enterprises inthe field of poultry, safety and sanitary quality for poultry product and their exports,reasonably and effectively defer, restrict or prohibit the import of external poultryproducts, build the new countryside, protect the healthy development of the stockbreedingand farmers' benefits, as well as effectively response the initial equivalent assessment onChina regulatory system for processing poultry product conducted by the US whichstarted in 2004 targeting the importing processed poultry product from China.The major findings of the thesis are as follows:1. Study on the US systems of law and regulation and management on inspectionand quarantine for poultry productAccording to the systematic study and analysis, it is easy to find that the dedicatedsystems of law and regulation on safety and sanitary management in the US are sound,clarified and operable with basically compliance to WTO SPS Agreement and the soundaccess system has been established in the US, which ground a solid basis for ensuring thepoultry product safety and sanitation and the consumers health.The import and export of poultry product and the inspection and quarantine for internal poultry product are charged only by the Ministry of Agriculture in the US. Furthermore,all ante-mortem and post-mortem of poultry in the related processing enterprises in theUS are all charged by the official veterinarians and inspectors. Financial professionals andthe related management personnel and inspectors ensure the inspection and quarantineSuccess.2. Study on the US lawful evidences, methods and procedures for theimplementation of the equivalent assessment for importing poultry productThe equivalent assessment regulation on inspection and quarantine for importing poultryproduct and specific and transparent assessment procedures with the timeframe of 3-5years or 10 years in the US not only ensure those who live in the US safety, but alsoprotect the domestic stockbreeding and slaughter and production enterprises for poultry,meanwhile, to promote the importation of poultry product from foreign nations whichhave different system of inspection and quarantine for poultry with the US, but equivalentto the US, based on safety and sanitation.3. Study on China systems of law and regulation and management on inspectionand quarantine for poultry productThe conclusions can be formed from the overall and systematic study as follows: Manylaws and regulations and standards on inspection and quarantine for poultry product inChina basically ensure the poultry safety and sanitation and the healthy development ofstockbreeding; The relatively specific regulations on inspection and quarantine and safetymanagement for exporting meat & poultry product play an active role in promoting theexportation of poultry products from China. However, such problems as overlapping,unsound, poor operability, etc. are still existing in China systems. For example, theinspection and quarantine for meat & poultry product in China are regulated by manydepartments in different stages. So the coordination between the departments should bestrengthened to avoid the overlapping and oversight at management level. Otherwise, adedicated department is proposed to be established responsible for it on the basis ofdrawing the experiences from the US.4. The comparative study on Sino-US regulation, management and pesticideresidue monitoring on inspection and quarantine for poultry productThere are similarities and obvious differences in the above mentioned aspects. Withregard to regulation, the top three differences summarized on below: Firstly, legislativedifference, i.e. the departments in US Federal Ministries have legislative right and candevelop and publish implementation rules and mandatory requirements directly; Secondly,difference at law level, i.e. the US has the specific The Poultry Products Inspection Actand supported Meat and Poultry and Egg Inspection Regulation(9 CFR), but China is theother way round; Thirdly, difference at the content of law and regulation, i.e. the contentof law and regulation in the US is in detail and specific and operable, but that in China ismostly at the principle level. HACCP management system is compulsively carded out byall producing and processing enterprises for meat & poultry product in the US, but onlyby export enterprises for meat & poultry product in China. With regard to managementsystem and method, the top two differences summarized: One, unique department in the US is responsible for it, but multi-departments in China; The other, ante-mortem andpost-mortem of poultry on the production line is totally charged by official inspectors inthe US, but mostly charged by the inspectors from enterprises in China. With regard tomicroorganism and pesticide residue monitoring, the top difference is that the US paysmore attention to the process control and overall protection of safety and sanitation ofproducts, however, China is not able to officially monitor the enterprises which sale thepoultry product internally.Based on the above mentioned studies, the following seven pieces of proposals areidentified: Identify the appropriate level of protection(ALOP) for animal sanitation andfood safety as soon as possible in China; Improve the related law and regulation of Chinaaccording to the principles in WTO/SPS Agreement; Improve the regulations onante-mortem and post-mortem of poultry and other animals; Develop the practical plan;Carry out the official inspection in slaughter and processing enterprises step by step;Compulsively establish and implement the HACCP management system by stages inenterprises for processing the poultry, meat and egg; Develop the law and regulation onmarket access procedure for the poultry, meat and egg and the other animal-oriented foodin China; Participate in the development of the international rules and standards actively.The comparative study on Sino-US systems of law and regulation and management oninspection and quarantine for poultry product is for the first time in China, and the theoryof Mathematical Statistics is introduced to the process control on safety and sanitaryquality for slaughter and processing enterprises for poultry product also for the first timewhich quantifies sanitary control. The above mentioned results supply the referenceevidence, scientific data and experience for improving law and regulation on inspectionand quarantine for poultry product, measures on safety and sanitary control forproduction and processing, and access system and procedure on inspection and quarantinefor importing poultry product in China. It is important for China to improve the safety andsanitary quality and management level for inspection and quarantine for meat & poultryproduct, and to promote the exportation of meat & poultry product from China.Furthermore, it also provides the developing countries to be actively in response to the USequivalent assessment with successful experiences and facilitates the implementation ofthe equivalent principle and the other ones in SPS agreement in the international trade.The results of the thesis had been put into practice in the legislation on animalquarantine and inspection in China, which have been effectively in response to the initialequivalent assessment and on-site audit carded out by the US on the system of inspectionand quarantine for processed poultry product of China since 2004. It took us only twoyears to obtain the qualification on exporting processed poultry product, the other nationsusually need 3-5 years instead.