| Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a great trouble for human health and also is one of the five diseases with the highest mortality and morbidity in the whole globe.The morbidity of T2DM is increased quickly. So in recent years,it is very important to study the etiopathogenesis and the best strategy of treatment to T2DM.Various ethnic groups with different life style and genetic background in Xinjiang may involve etiopathogenesis of this disease . We investigated the hospitalized rate of four nations (Uygurs , Kazaks, Hans, Mongol)of T2DM. We discovered that Uygur' s is the highest (9.73 persons/ten thousand±3.18) ,and the Kazak ' s is the lowest ( 1.29persons/ten thousand ± 0.67). The basic reason of T2DM has much more room for research.The relationship between risk factors and T2DM of the Uygurs and Kazaks were analyzed by using Logistic stepwise regression ; The detectable rate of T2DM, the index of body examination and the clinical biochemistry were also observed. Further more ,we observed the distribution of genotype of three SNP of Calpain-10 in the NGT, T2DM subjects of the two nations, at last , analyzed the key link of Calpain-10 SNP to the T2DM in them.Part one:Objectives:The relationship between risk factors and T2DM of the two nations.Material and Methods:Case-control study was conducted with diagnostic criteria recommended by ADA. Information on diet, history of disease, history of family were obtained through questionnaire. Variables including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting blood insulin (FINS),total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride(TG),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),BMI, SBP, DBF , OGTT -2hPG, blood lipid were measured for every subject. Logistic stepwise regression on the Statistical Package for the SPSS for windows, release 11.0 was used for data analysis.The number of subject: NGT-normal glucose toleranceIGT-impaired glucose toleranceKazaks: NGT:204 ; T2DM40; IGT25Uygurs: NGT:172; T2DM 56; IGT 6Results:The results showed that higher level of culture(OR=6.718),above 60 years old(OR=4.026),higher w/h ratio(OR=5.779) are positive relation with T2DM of Kazaks.Higher animal viscera intake(OR=14.109), higher level of cholesterol(OR=15.975)^ higher level of culture(OR=5.158) are positive relation with T2DM of Kazaks; The level of proper fruit (OR=0.046)> drinking tea frequently (OR=0.036) are negative relation with T2DM of Kazaks.Conclusion:1. The higher level of culture , age, waist/hip ratio may be therisk factor of Kazaks' T2DM.2.More animal viscera intake, higher level of cholesterol, higher level of culture may be the risk factors of the Uygurs' T2DM.The level of proper fruit , drinking tea frequently may be the protective factors of the Uygurs' T2DM.Part Two:Objectives:The detectable rate and characteristics of T2DM patients in each nation were studied, and the index of body examination and the clinical biochemistry between them were compared.Material and Methods:The same as above.Results:1.The detectable rate of T2DM patients in Kazaks is 5.37%,and in Uygurs is 14.00%; The detectable rate of IGT subjects in Kazaks is 11.0%,and in Uygurs is 3.37%.2. Compared with NOT group, the SBP level of Uygurs T2DM group is higher, w/h ratio is larger ; the level of FPG is higher, ISI (insulin sensitive index), is decreased, cholesterol is higher.3. Compared with NOT group, the SBP level of Kazaks T2DM ,IGT group is higher, DBP of IGT is also higher, w/h ratio is larger, Weight ,BMI of T2DM is bigger ; the level of FPG and IS (insulin secretion index) of T2DM is decreased, the level of cholesterol of T2DM , IGT group is higher.4. Compared with Uygurs' NGT group, Kazaks' NGT group has more meat intake, less vegetable intake. BMI is less, SBP, DBP is higher; The level of ISI, IS is higher. The level ofTG, HDL-c is lower , CH, LDL-c is higher.5. Compared with Uygurs T2DM group, Kazaks ' T2DM group has mo...
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