Studies On The Chemical Components And Strain Identification Of Hericium Caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.)Pers.

Chemical composition of Hericium caput-medusae(Bull:Fr.)PQns. was analyzed and the identification methods of the fungi was discussed in this study. Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pens is one species of Hericium and only be found Changbaishang Natural Reserve. According to literature, Hericium caput-medusae(Bull.:Fr.) Pens is rich in nutrients and contains various active substances, of which polysaccharide is widely studied and interested both in China and abroad. Other chemical components are rarely studied except in Japan, a few scientists investigated several chemicals found in Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.)Pens and their pharmacological effects. Identification of Hericium with molecule-biological methods has not bee reported in literature.Solvent extracting method was employed to extract small molecular substances other than large bio-molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides. Four layers of extract liquids were obtained with the first and second layers containing more chemical substances, such as alkaloids,hydroxybenzene and tannin saponin,terpenes,athraquinones,volatile oil and lipids, than the third and fourth layers. The majority of chemicals in the first and second layers are no polarized substances with no indication of the existence of flavonoid. Carbohydrates are identified in both the third and fourth layers, while substances in the fourth layer is different from other layers in that their solubility is low both in polar and non-polar solvents.Systemic solvent separation, two phase solvent extraction, crystallization and chromatography methods were applied to separate and purify compounds in each layer. Petrol ether phase, chloroform phase, water phase and crystals were obtained. The petrol ether phase was analyzed with GC/MS and various fatty acid derivatives were identified. The majority of 18 chemicals are fatty acid esters, of which seven are C18 aliphatic compounds including octadecanoic acid, ethyl oleate, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid which are mainly in the forms of methyl ester or ethyl ester ,with a relative content 40.44%.Fourteen of the 16 known structure compounds, except 9,12-octadecadienoic acid and hexadecanoic acid, are first identified in Hericium caput-medusae. 10-octadecynoic acid methyl ester is an important constituent of petrol ether extract with a relative content up to 14.31%.Its important action in Hericium caput-medusae is proved in pharmacology experiment aftertime.Two 1,2-benzenesicarboxylic ester compounds, synthesized organic compounds used in plastic industry which has been listed in controlled pollutants, were identified in Hericium caput-medusae , probably resulting from pollution.Crystal samples No 1, 20, 26, 33 and 36 were determined with UV, IR, NMR, MS, element analysis,GC, HPLC and TC indicating that crystals No 20,26 and 36 are erythritol,xylitol and glucitol, respectively and are firstly reported in this study. Crystals No 1 and 33 are probably di-terpene based on the data obtained and from literature. Molecular structures of these substance is to be determined.To select high yield species, a molecular method for distinguishing Hericium spp. was applied. Six Hericium spp. strains were collected from Changbai Mountain area, mycelium of Hericium spp.was obtained by tissue culture methods. And then the mycelium of Hericium spp.was further grow until forming fruiting body for confirmation of each species. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used to determined polymorph of genosome DNA of tested species. Twelve primers, Al3 (CAGCACCCAC), E04 (GTGACATGCC), E07 (AGATGCAGCC), E14 (TGCGGCTGAG), B06 (TGCTCTGCCC), B07 (GGTGACGCAG), B08 (GTCCACACGG ), BIO (CTGCTGGGAC ), D03 ( GTCGCCGTCA), D07 (TTGGCACGGG), E03CCCAGATGCAC), EIS(ACGCACAACC) were selected. The results of PCR showed that the polymorph of different species of Hericium spp. differ significantly. Each species has suitable sized and specific band indicating that these primers B08> E03^ A13- E04 and El5 can be used as RAPD mark...