| The fungi in genus Hericium are valuable for both pharmacopoeia and edibility. Medicines made from concentrated barmy liquid show obvious effects on gastricism, gastic ulcer and other digestive system diseases in clinical applications. In addition, many researches in medicine and pharmacology have proved that the fungi in genus Hericium have certain therapeutical effects in improving immunity, restraining cancer, reducing blood pressure and blood sugar, and so on. Therefore, in recent years studies on chemical compositions of the fungi in this genus are gaining more and more recognition.Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. is a species in genus Hericium. It's concentrated barmy liquid is a main composition in a Chinese traditional medicine-"Weilexin", but its chemical and medical active compositions have not been made sure yet .In order to add new content to the systematic researches on chemical compositions of the fungus Hericium, especially to enforce the studies on water soluble small molecular chemical compositions of the fungi in this genus and to advance the studies on chemical compositions of H. caput-medusae and make basis for determinating the medical active compositions of "Weilexin", this research studied the small molecular compositions of H. caput-medusae.Solvent extracting method was employed to extract small molecular substances from the fruiting body of H.caput-medusae. Roast the fruiting body of H.caput-medusae with oven at 40C and communite them into powder .Soak and extract the powder with 95% ethanol at room temperature for many times .The superant was collected and combined and was distilled at 40C at a reduced pressure to obtain ethanol concentrated extract liquid. After laying still at room temperature, the ethanol concentrated extract liquid divided into four obvious layers and after dimission at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, the result did not change. This study mainly focused on the third layer and the fourth layer samples. In these two layers, carbohydrates were obviously found in advanced experiment, while no other type of compounds were found.Systematic solvent separation, two phases solvent extraction, chromatography, crystallization and recrystallization methods were applied to separate and purify the chemical compositions in both the two layers respectively and gradually by different isolation process. Three water soluable crystals, crystal A, B and C were obtained after systematic isolation. By using HPLC and further isolation and purification, three compounds, compound A, B and C were obtained respectively. On the basis of physical constants, chemical evidence and spectrum analysis [IR, NMR (including 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), GC/MS and MS ], the three compounds were identified. The analysis results indicated that the three compounds were all alcoholized saccharides. To be more exact, compound A was arabitol, compound B was erythritol and compound C was mannitol.So far, studies on chemical compositions of H.caput-medusae are rare, especially studies on the small molecular substances. The only report about alcoholized saccharides was by. SongHui, who reported having obtained three kinds of alcoholized saccharides: erythritolxylitol and glucitol from the fruiting body of H. caput-medusae. The isolation results of erythritol in two studies can match each other, while till now there have been no reports about obtaining arabitol and mannitol from H. caput-medusae.Alcoholized saccharide compounds contain very low calorie, can t decay teeth and cause blood sugar undulation and are poisonousless. They have so many virtues that they are attached more and more importance and are applied on food, medicine, chemical industry, and so on.This study isolated and obtained a large amount of alcoholized saccharides from the fruiting body of H. caput-medusae. This result may make fungy extracting be a possible and new economical way to obtain alcoholized saccharides in industrialized production. This result also added new content to the studies on chemical compositions of H, caput-medusae.
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