A Study On The Development Of Capitalism From The Perspective Of Scientific And Technological Revolution

This test studies the impact of scientific and technological revolution on capitalist development from dimension of the theory, history and reality. On this basis, this test analyzes the role of scientific and technological revolution on capitalist development, further analysis the role of science and technology revolution on national development, and explores the basic path of scientific and technological innovation of China.The text includes the introduction and four chapters. The introductory part review research results of the scholars, such as the social function of science and technology, the scientific and technological revolution and capitalism changers, the scientific and technological revolution and the positionof capitalism, and so on, explains the significance of this test, the basic framework, the basic research methods, the main innovation and inadequacies.The first chapter defines "science and technology", " the scientific and technological revolution", analysis of the scientific and technological revolution and the formation of the Marxist concept of the scientific and technological revolution, clarifies methodology significance of the Marxist concept of the scientific and technological revolution. Marx and Engels formate the worldview of dialectical materialism and historical materialism through considering the latest research results of science and technology. Under the guidance of the scientific world outlook and methodology, Marx and Engels examine the role of the scientific and technological revolution on capitalist development. They put forward "science and technology is productivity." Development of productive forces will inevitably have a major impact on the relations of production, superstructure and the whole of lifestyle. Through productive forces, Marx and Engels put science and technology into the field of social and historical research, clearly state, "Science is a powerful history Leverage" Marx and Engels also notice the negative effects of scientific and technological development. Marx and Engels observe and study of science and technology usingo dialectical and historical materialism of worldview. The nature of Marxism concept of the scientific and technological revolution embodies the basic spirit of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. It provides methodology guidance for we correctly understanding the capital development.The second chapter examines the historical process of the capitalist development on the impact of scientific and technological revolution.Capitalism generates is not accidental, it is the product of the development of productive forces to a certain stage, and science and technology undoubtedly serve as the "first productive" role. The first scientific and technological revolution marked by invention and application of the steam engine has greatly stimulated productivity and promote social development, so that the mode of capitalist production has been established and consolidated. Since then the scientific and technological revolution served as the "first productive" role in the process of capitalist development has become increasingly evident. In the 1870 s the second scientific and technological revolution symboled by power technology has occuerred. This scientific and technological revolution has propeled capitalism into electrical era in which the oil was the new energy, electricity and the internal combustion engine was a new impetus and telecommunications was the new means of communication. It promoted the urbanization and urban population rapid increased.The industrial capitalism expanded. Twice scientific and technological revolutions promoted the rapid development of capitalist productivity, drived the mode of capitalist production changed. The capitalist countries were for global expansion with the benefits of scientific and technological revolution. The degree of social production continued to increase.the contradiction between socialization of production and production private ownership was rising.Economic crisis occurred frequently. The capitalism basic contradiction required new relations of production instead of capitalist relations of production. Marx proposed capitalism inevitablely demise and socialism is bound to win.The third chapter analyzes the new stage of the new scientific and technological revolution and the new stage of capitalism. Half of the twentieth century capitalism upheaval made scientific knowledge accumulated in prewar acquired application.Capitalist countries build up military and compete increasingly in the fierce of military weapons. In the 1940 s, the new scientific and technological revolution began symboled by atomic energy technology, space technology and electronic technology. To the 1970 s, a new technological revolution set off a new upsurge and converted to civilian technology. It promoted a number of new technologies and new industries emerged, standed for information technology and information industries. The new technological revolution becomes a powerful driving force to promote the rapid development capitalism in the latter half of the 20 th century. The requiremend of war spur the development of military and drive civilian technology proliferation that are a typical characteristic of this technological revolution. The new technological revolution make the material basis of capitalist production fundamentaly changed. Capitalist production is in the new phase of information technology. Since then, information technology rapidly penetrate into all areas of the capitalist system and reshape capitalism, capitalism has entered into a new historical era- the era of information capitalism. In the information age, the Western countries establish a global production network. Social production reaches into a new level. Interdependence between the Western countries increased. The Western countries begin the Group development. With the development of economic globalization on the basis of information technology, the Western countries also increase soft power influence, Western lifestyle and ideology spread worldwide.The fourth chapter summarizes the role of scientific and technological revolution on capitalist development, and further analies the role of scientific and technological revolution on national development, and put forward the basic way to promote our scientific and technological innovation. The scientific and technological revolution has a dual role in the development of capitalism. On the one hand the scientific and technological revolution accumulate the "socialist factor" inside the capitalist, ease the harm of the capitalist cyclical economic crisis, so that "elements of socialism" as negative force inside of capitalist chang the capitalist which make the necessary preparations for eventually replacing capitalism. On the other hand the negative effects of scientific and technological revolution are also increasingly prominent such as alienation of technological applications, environmental problems and so on. China as a developing socialist country must learn from the lessons, because the scientific and technological revolution is the only way for the rise of the nation.the scientific and technological revolution is related to the country’s position in the world. China should strengthen basic theoretical innovation, just take advantage of new trends in high-tech development to achieve leapfrog development of science and technology, and win comparative advantage in international competition, so as to promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.