| In the21th century, the world is facing new trends in industrial restructuring and upgrading, at the same time, the global economy is on the eve of a new industrial revolution. Confronting the far-reaching impact of the current global financial turmoil, the slowed-down world economic growth and the significant structural changes in global demand, the Chinese government promulgated and implemented the "12th five-year plan". In this plan, the government intends to propel the key industrial restructuring, optimize industrial layout, strengthen the technologically transformation to improve the overall development of the industry. As an old industrial city, Pingxiang City of Jiangxi Province, has a good industrial base with industrial economy developed rapidly. But there are still exists problems in the industrial structure, especially that primary and tertiary industries’pulling power is not strong. While constantly bringing in new industries, traditional industries remain dominant, and the proportion of resource-based industries is too large. Approved by State Council’s and jointly conformed by the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Land Resources, and office of the revitalization of Northeast China affiliated to the State Council, Pingxiang City, was made one of the12resource-exhausted pilot cities to undertake transformation. After that, the city took advantage of "three city card "(enjoying the preferential policies of the northeast old industrial base, second batch of circular economy pilot cities in China, the first national sustainable development of resource-exhausted pilot cities), put the adjustment of the industrial structure as the core issue, and promoted urban restructuring in the process of economic development. These actions has made some achievements.This dissertation took the perspective of circular economy growth theory, public economics theory and sustainable development theory. Based on the theories of industrial structure and the general rule of how industrial structure evolves, the author analyzed the need for industrial structure adjustment and economic restructuring in Pingxiang, the ideas, the unique feature and the basic characteristics of the transformation. Considering the trend of modern urban city development, this essay put out an evaluation system of resource-based city’s transition based on the economic development-oriented transformation, scientifically analyzed Pingxiang"s performance and degree of realization in the industrial restructuring. Through technological innovation and institutional arrangements, we can speed up industrial restructuring, so as to promote Pingxiang’s industry restructuring.The paper started from the current research results of the resourceful cities’ industrial transformation, reviewed both domestic and foreign research. Currently, the domestic research focused on the policy measures to reform, technological innovation, the impact of government function adjustment and government’s financial support, regional case studies and comparative studies while foreign studies on this issue are more in-depth. Since the1930s, such research began. In the30-70s mid-20th century, foreign study focused on particular resource-based cities, analyzed the relationship between industrial development cycle and the population movements. After the mid-1980s, sustainable development theory and Coase’s transaction cost theory was gradually adopted in the research of resource-based cities.The second chapter of this paper describes relevant theories of industrial structure and the general rule of industrial structure evolution. Based on it, the author discusses the general theory of optimizing industrial structure and the impact of changes in it, and finally proposes a general regional industrial structure optimization theory. There are several theories contributing to it:Rostow’s diffusion effect theory of the leading industries, Miyohei Shinohara’s "income elasticity of demand benchmarks" and "productivity increase rate base"theory, and Hirschman’s theory of industrial relevance etc. Based on the theories above, this paper concludes that changes in industrial structure mainly influenced by international trade factors and the structure of demand and supply, then it proposed a general theory of regional industrial structure optimization and growth pole theory.The third chapter of this paper describes the development of China’s resource-based cities. Firstly, this section defines what the resource-based city is, gives the standard definition of resource-based cities, and analyses the development of China’s resource-based cities. According to life cycle theory, resource-based cities generally go through four times of "introduction, growth, maturity, decline". Due to resource constraints, many resource-based cities face problems such as serious imbalance in industrial structure, severe ecological damage, financial problem and people’s well-being, transition is urgently needed.Chapter fourth of this article is mainly about Pingxiang City’s industrial structure adjustment and economic restructuring. It first analyses the necessity and urgency of Pingxiang’s industrial structure adjustment and economic restructuring, briefly outline Pingxiang’s efforts to face difficulties, which are,"two mechanisms"-the establishment of compensation mechanisms and resource development industry recession assistance mechanisms;"three changes"-Firstly, changes in industry structure, secondly, changes the development direction, the third is changes in development and promotes coordinated development; and proposes a "four connection", connecting the central enterprises, connecting foreign enterprises, connecting private enterprises, connecting scientific research. Of all these, the connection to government-owned enterprises plays a central part which can boost the financial effect. Then, this part discusses the characteristics of Pingxiang’s industrial restructuring.Chapter fifth of this article is an empirical analysis of Pingxiang’s economic restructuring. After establishing the performance evaluation system of resource-based city’s economic restructuring, this part uses the three parts of the industrial structure analysis, evaluation of green economic development, analysis of industrial structure and its benefit and comparative analysis of energy consumption per unit of GDP. Through the empirical analysis, the study found Pingxiang City’s economic transformation to have achieved great results, for example, Pingxiang city had a good ranking among the273city in terms of the total green GDP in2007, green economic indicators, total nominal GDP and resource-environment efficiency. However, in some ways there is further room to improve.Chapter sixth turns to the view of the experience and lessons of domestic and foreign resource-based cities’industrial structure transformation. From foreign mining cities’ and regions’ practice, there are4ways for the government to intervene: American-style; European style, with France and Germany as the representative; Japanese-style and the former Soviet Union-style. With the experience of overseas development, we can get enlightened in restructuring plans, personnel placement, the development of alternative industries. At the same time, other resource-based city’s construction and development in our country provide some ideas of Pingxiang’s transformation of industrial structure.The last chapter of this paper gives policy suggestions of Pingxiang City’s industrial structure adjustment and optimization. Firstly, the section summarizes the results of earlier studies and uses SWOT model to evaluate the effects of Pingxiang’s adjustment and optimization of industrial structure. Then this part shows a number of policy recommendations according to the theory of growth poles to the adjustment and optimization. Finally, based on the situation in Pingxiang, the author puts out concerns of Pingxiang’s transformation to sustainable development.
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