| The traditional economic development model has made great fortune for human people in recent decades, while at the same time consumed large amount of resources and energy, and created severe pollution to the nature environment. It has become a mutually concerned issue for researchers all over the world to find a practical way to solve the environmental problems fundamentally. The birth of industrial symbiosis theory provided an effective way to solve the environment problems and expand the efficiency of allocation of resources. As the practice subject of industrial symbiosis, the eco-industrial park programs in China was started late, but got obvious achievements. Since the first eco-industrial park in China was built in 2001 in Guigang in Guangxi Province, one hundred and five national demonstration eco-industrial parks have been approved to create and among which, thirty four have been accepted and named up to December 2014.The construction of eco-industrial parks in China has achieved significant results in increasing resource use efficiency, reducing environmental pollution and improving environmental quality. While it is remain uncertainly how industrial symbiosis contributes to the development of eco-industrial parks and what is the concrete manifestation of industrial symbiosis. At the same time, because of the difference of the industrial symbiosis connotation and function comprehension of the stakeholders, there was the lack of efficient regulatory mechanisms in industrial symbiosis performances. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to put forward operable industrial symbiosis development patterns, identify the drivers and factors of industrial symbiosis formation and operation, and evaluate the environmental effects and carbon reduction effects. This article will have important theoretical and application value to guide industrial symbiosis construction in industrial parks. The detail research contents and conclusions are as follows.(1) Directed at the lack of condition of material flow, energy flow and boundary, two kinds of industrial symbiosis patterns are put forward based on industrial symbiosis methods and practices. Symbiosis patterns based on industrial symbiosis contents are put forward through analysis the industrial symbiosis connotation and concept. The patterns include substance metabolism pattern, energy step utilization pattern, material and energy coordinate symbiosis pattern and infrastructure sharing pattern. Symbiosis patterns based on industrial symbiosis scope are put forward through analysis the symbiosis formation boundary. The patterns include "dot-dot" (among enterprises) pattern, "chain-chain" (among industrial chains) pattern and "net-net" (among industries) pattern.(2) Directed at the obstructions existed in the formation and operation of industrial symbiosis programs, the drivers and factors are put forward from the points of enterprises and society through summarizing and analyzing the domestic and overseas successful and unsuccessful industrial symbiosis cases. The results show the drivers of industrial symbiosis formation include two parts. From the point of enterprises, the first driver is economic benefit, the economic benefits also contain the reduction of material cost, traffic cost, and pollution charge. From the point of society, the main driver is the government promotion. The effect of the government include regulation constraint, plan guidance and policy encouragement. Then include impetus of facilitating agency and public satisfaction.(3) Directed at the lack of quantitative evaluation of environmental benefit of industrial symbiosis cases in China, in the current article, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to evaluate the environmental benefits and costs of industrial symbiosis performances, compared with a no-industrial symbiosis scenario for four environmental impact categories, which are primary energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions (CO2e), acidification (SO2e), and eutrophication (PO43+e). The results showed that four environmental benefits were avoided by the 11 symbiosis performances, namely,41.6 thousand TJ of primary energy,4.5 million t CO2e of greenhouse gases,19.7 thousand t SO2e of acidification, and 81.1 t PO43+e of eutrophication. The emission reduction of primary energy accounted for 28.1% of the total energy consumption in 2011. The results also show that these three impact factors (primary energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and acidification) are high-positive correlation with one another. It is found by analysis that this positive correlation is caused primarily by the energy structure based on coal of Xinfa industrial park, which is the main source of SO2 emission.(4) This chapter aims to quantitatively examine the effects of IS performance on carbon emission and reduction by substance flow analysis method through a case study on Xinfa industrial park, a comprehensive large enterprise group in China. A scenario without industrial symbiosis is assumed for comparison. Results show that the carbon emission with and without industrial symbiosis are 16.2 Mt of CO2e and 18.2Mt of CO2e, respectively. The largest carbon emission sector is the electrolytic aluminum industry, which accounts for 70.2% of the total. The carbon emissions under the industrial symbiosis condition at Xinfa industrial park decrease by 9.8% compared with that under the no industrial symbiosis condition. The carbon emission reduction rate from fuel combustion is 9.2%, the rate from industrial process is 13.0%. The largest process of carbon emission reduction is quicklime production process, accounted for 62.9% of the total carbon emission reduction. At last, the advantage of the industrial symbiosis performances of Xinfa industrial park was analyzed.
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