Study On The Effect Of Industrial Structure Optimization Chinese Technology Introduction

As the key factor of improving economic growth quality and the adjusting economic structure, optimizing the industrial structure is very important to adapt to the new normal in China. Promoting strategic emerging industries, service industries development and enhancing traditional industries upgrading are the challenges and opportunities under the new normal. Technical change incurs the factor demand structure across industries, inducing factor mobility across industries and the divergence of economic growth rate, which is the fundamental cause of industrial structure transformation. China can achieve technical change through technology import and innovation. And as a developing country, China should make full use of the backward advantage stemmed from technological gap, optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure through the technology import. For this purpose, this paper studies the status of China technology import and its role in optimizing industrial structure. And the main contents are as follows:First, this paper reviews the theory of industrial structure adjustment and industrial structure evolution, the theory of technology gap, the backward advantage and the intermediate technology and other related theory. On this basis, this paper summarizes the frontier literature about technology import promoting industrial structure optimization, scholars use the empirical data to examine the effect of technology import on industrial structure, but there is no consensus, and pay less attention to the pathways and mechanisms of the optimization of industrial structure from technology import, and their effectiveness. Based on this, I first classify the technology import in accordance with the way of introduction. And then, with Edgeworth box-like diagrams and theoretical framework, I analyze the direct effect of technology import on the industrial structure, and use the road map to study the indirect effect of technology import on industrial structure, through the way of demand structure, supply structure, trade structure, employment structure and industrial diffusion.Second, this paper study the current situation of technology import in China from the view of the product structure, country-level structures and imported technological level, and found that: The number and amount of technology import shows a rapid growth trend, license or transfer of proprietary technology, technical consulting, technology services gradually replace equipment, has become China’s major technology import methods, and tends to focus on hard technology and ignore soft technology has been improved, and ways of international technology import become diversified. The country-level structure represented by the number and amount of technology import remains stable. And the United States and Japan are still the main source of technology import. At the same time, unit amount of technology transfer contract increases, indicating China imported technology change from the low-end products to cutting-edge technology products. But there are still some problems in China’s technology import in China, like insufficient appropriate technology import, difficulty in fully digesting and absorbing advanced technology.Third, the paper analyzes the experience of Japan and South Korea optimizing the industrial structure through the way of technology import, and find that : the two countries imported targeted technology, paid attention to the digestion and absorption of imported technology, made laws and regulations related to the technology import, and attach importance to the innovation value of local research institutions. Accordingly, in the process of promoting China’s industrial structure transformation through the technology import, create a relaxed policy environment of technology introduction, pay attention to the cultivating independent innovation ability, improve and perfect the mechanism for supporting innovation.Fourth, this paper examines the basic characteristics of China’s industrial structure upgrading from the view of three industry and factor intensive industry, and make use of panel data regression during the period of 1999-2012, covering 29 provinces and regions, to study the role of foreign technology import, domestic technology import and independent innovation in upgrading the industrial structure, the results show that: since R&D activities are more concentrated in high-tech industries, independent R&D promotes China’s industrial structure shifting from capital-intensive industries to capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries effectively. Due to the differences of technological level, the role of domestic technology and the foreign technology import in the direction in upgrading the industrial structure is different, that is, the optimizing role of technology import in upgrading industrial structure has threshold effects. The foreign technology import cannot effectively promote the industrial structure shifting from capital-intensive industries to capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries in developing regions, but can improve the proportion of capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries in developed regions. The optimization effect of domestic technology import on the industrial structure in backward regions is still at the stage of developing labor-intensive industries; in the less developed regions, the effect of domestic technology import promotes the industrial structure changing from labor-intensive industries to capital-intensive industries; for the developing regions, domestic technology import facilitate the industrial structure changing from labor-intensive industries to capital-intensive and the capital-technology-intensive industries. For the more developed regions, the domestic technology import can advance their industrial structure changing from capital-intensive industries to capital-technology-intensive industries. To sum up, the role of domestic technology import and the foreign technology import in promoting the upgrading of industrial structure has threshold effect, we should make appropriate technological development strategies according to economic development stage, to effectively promote the upgrading of industrial structure.Finally, in order to adapt to the new normal in China, achieve the change of investment-driven to innovation-driven, and enhance the quality of economic growth, promote the optimization of industrial structure and economic structure through technology import and technical change, according to the main conclusions of this paper, China should import technology based on the premise of the industrial structure, technology import and innovation simultaneously, and implement smoothly and localized technology import strategy.