On The Efficient Supply Of New-generation Of Rural Migrant Workers

The transfer-out of rural surplus labor in China has developed into a new stage, namely,the new-generation of rural workers have become the main part of rural migrant workersgroup upon the background of industrial upgrading. At the new stage, although manufacturingwages have been rising continuously in recent years, the “shortage of workers” still appears inthe coastal manufacturing developed areas frequently and this trend even begins to spread tothe inland. There are still a number of rural migrant workers in China remaining unemployedand the supply-demand theory can hardly explain the shortage status in China’s labor market.This paper assumes an integrated impact of multi-factor on the supply of new-generation ruralmigrant workers, which results in the coexistence of labor shortage in companies and highmobility of the new-generation rural migrant workers as well as intensified employmentfriction. This paper is practical as it explains the above situation with the lack of effectivelabor supply and puts forward strategies to moderate the imbalance between supply anddemand in labor market and to promote employment stability of the new-generation ruralmigrant workers.Combining the theories of management and economics, this paper proposes to promotethe effective supply of new-generation rural migrant labor by centering on efficiency,combining the pursuit of efficiency and the effect and benefit, and by means of coordination.At the macro level, it studies the innovation of the new-generation rural migrant workers’vocational education and training system and the solutions to promote the citizenization. Atthe micro level, it researches the innovation of the new-generation rural migrant workersmanagement mode through the analysis of typical cases. The paper’s main content is asfollows:First, theory analysis of the efficient supply of new-generation rural migrant workerslabor. Analyze the concept of new-generation rural migrant workers in aspects of itsdenotation and connotation. As for the employment type, the employment of new-generationrural migrant workers is classified as the new type of formal employment. Based on thecollocation of their relationships with home and final state of movement, new-generation ruralmigrant workers can be divided into two models, namely the “leaving the land-living in cities–leaving hometown” model and the “leaving the land-not living in cities-returninghometown (flow)” model. In terms of social identification, they can be divided into twogroups: the group integrated into urban youth and the group not. The frequent movements ofthe new-generation of rural migrant workers can be seen as a positive strive of trying tochange their unreasonable social status and to integrate into the urban youth group. The laborsupply condition in traditional labor economics is hardly suitable for the new-generation ruralmigrant workers supply. In order for the efficient supply of new-generation rural migrantworkers, we need to introduce government and business management, which will harmonizethe supply conflict and promote a more balanced labor market. Analyses show that there aremultiple factors impacting labor supply in the new-generation rural migrant workers labormarket, the upgrading, adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure intensified theemployment friction and that structural and technical unemployment are the new problemsfacing the new-generation rural migrant workers.Second, analyses of the factors impacting the efficient supply of new-generation ruralmigrant workers labor. Comb the impeding mechanism of the household register, land andsocial security systems for the rural migrant workers labor supply, and identify the weakeningimpeding effects of institutional factors on the supply of new-generation rural migrantworkers labor given the institutional innovation trend. Education system’s inclination to urbanareas directly influenced the rural labor quality. The imperfection of China’s labor marketsystem increased the transaction cost, and therefore we need to regulate and improve the labormarket system in order to achieve the efficient supply of new-generation rural migrantworkers labor. Though new-generation rural migrant workers’ expectations during their workare in many aspects, a direct wage is still the foremost inner factor influencing their supplydecisions. Self development is a deep trigger for the movement of new-generation ruralmigrant workers. However they are prevented from transforming to complete industrialworkers since they are unable to integrate into the cities completely in spite of their longingfor cities. Factors as marriage and family also have great influence on supply decisions ofnew-generation rural migrant workers, especially female ones.Third, propose strategies for efficient supply of new-generation rural migrant workers inperspectives of vocational education and training, citizenization and business managementreformation. In the perspective of vocational education and training, analysis suggests that thelow human capital value of new-generation rural migrant workers affects their wage incomeand employment opportunities. Personal attachment and asset specificity of the human capitalproperty right result in the hesitation of human capital investment from both workers andenterprises. Vocational education and training of new-generation rural migrant workers requires the governmental guidance and intervention; vocational education reform shouldpromote the cooperation between schools and enterprises; the school talent cultivation modeshould refer to the “double teacher system” and preferential policies should be developed toencourage enterprises’ involvement in training. In the perspective of citizenization, this paperbelieves that citizenization system, migration cost, city integration degree and city viabilityare all factors impacting the citizenization of new-generation rural migrant workers. In orderto advance the citizenization of new-generation rural migrant workers, we need to lower therequirements for city access and family’s migration cost, allow community to play a dominantrole in the city integration process and cultivate the city viability of migrating familymembers. In the aspect of business management reformation, the article argues that thecontinued management mode of hypothesis of economic man of the old generation ruralmigrant workers leads to reduced loyalty of new-generation rural migrant workers toenterprises and more frequent employment turnovers. Enterprises should motivate theenthusiasm of new-generation rural migrant workers through combined application ofeconomic motivation, Work incentives and psychological motivation. Loyalty should becultivated through the initiation of long-term psychological contract relationship.