The Research Of The Traditional Town Commercial Space At Middle And Upper Reaches Of Yuan River

The middle-upper reaches of Yuan River basin, located in the transition region between the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and middle-lower reaches plain of Yangtze River, is not only the cultural intersection zone of China’s southwest and southeast, but also the economic and technological exchange channel. It is both the special natural geographic region and human geographic region due to its transitivity of natural region and blending of cultural circle, which lead to multiple Characteristics for regional culturein the river basin. Economic technology circulation and material transport make the the river basin developing a large number of towns, after the renovation, which has till now been keeping a large number complete historical commercial block of traditional towns which is of historical, cultural and economic value, becoming cultural landscape resources of regional characteristics in this river basin, and forming a historical and cultural corridor called “ five thousand years of history, Five hundred kilometers of waterway".On one hand, this paper sums up the natural geographic characteristics and natural resources situation of the river basin, and proposes that the mountains and rivers are an important factor affecting the traditional town commercial space form, and its rich and unique natural resource, however, is the basic condition for it to make foreign exchange of commodities and trade space form; on the other hand, this paper also analyzes the humanities background by discussing the phenomena of level and the diversity characteristics of regional culture. It is found that there are two historical periods when the regional culture was influenced deeply, one is later period of Warring States(Chu culture invasion), and the other is the Ming and Qing Dynasties(Han culture invasion). Eventually the pattern is formed in the river basin by the aboriginal culture, the Bachu culture and the Chinese culture, which deeply impacts the spatial distribution and function, commercial space form and the pattern of the commercial building.Based on the background of the region, the study analyze the middle-upper reaches of Yuan River basin spatial distribution state by the "point- axis " theory and summarize so called " one spindle, two axis, multi-core " geographical spatial distribution pattern and the discrete characteristics of their relation to its waterway, and "Tong Jing Da Dao "(land) by cost distance; it also elaborates the historical evolution role for the traditional towns in the river basin by Chinese historical dynasties, reveals the historical characteristics: "Start by military, flourished by trade", it concluded that the evolution process of the traditional towns in the river basin is this situation: around to middle and deeply point to linear control, and this conclusion: main east-west distribution. Basing the five aspects: military, transportation, resource trade, migration, political system, this paper analyses the formation mechanism of the traditional town commercial space in this river basin, admit the Water transport and Yuan dynasty " Tong Jing Da Dao" opened which plays a crucial role; military action rised to the first group towns and continuously influenced the later ages; Political system in the different historic periods and geographic segment inhibited or promoted the formation and development of towns; and the trade and migration during the Ming and Qing Dynasties promoted the great development for the traditional town in this river basin. Today, the retained towns are mostly the Ming and Qing Dynasties relics, historic and commercial block is the main space form.Trade is the main function of traditional town, commercial space also should be the main space form of the traditional town. The paper concludes four kinds of commercial space form: "point, line, surface, block" for the trade node, commercial street, commercial buildings and commercial block and analyzes their characteristics; meanwhile, discusses the vitality of traditional town commercial space from the spatial function complex, the business format diversity, the image force of space environment and behavior spontaneous. The regional cultural differences and historical and cultural value are important basic conditions of the economic value of traditional town commercial space, which can not only provide connotation and power to the sustainable economic development, but also improve the traditional town commercial space activity from the root, and provides the powerful operation basis to improve their living conditions, to avoid the homogeneous competition, to protect and use traditional commercial street of historical and cultural value, and to improve vitality of commercial space in traditional town. It is important practical significance for promoting local economic development, protecting of historical and cultural heritage of the middle and upper reaches of Yuan River basin and inheritancing the traditional region culture.