The Research On The Measurement And Identification Of Regional Poverty And Path Choosing Of Anti-poverty

The problem of poverty has been a major problem that has plagued the development of human society in the world. UN has listed the poverty as the major problem in the three themes of social development problems(Population 、 Pollution 、 Poverty). Anti-poverty has always been the hot spot and difficulty in handling the issue. However, Whether it is a developing country, or the developed countries can not solve this problem completely.Though the poor people in most areas have already solved the problem of food and clothing which benefit by the strategy of long-term anti-poverty, but several serious setbacks are still exist.For instance, the imbalance in regional economic development and urban-rural gap are all resulting in the restricting the sustained development. Meanwhile, these imbalances are also causing the social instability which remind us that the mission of eradicating the poverty is a long way to carry on. Owing to the reason of limited resources, our country has to focus the scarce resources on investments whose benefits won’t simply fade away so that the task of precisely supporting the poor can be eventually completed. By taking the methods of constructing the breadth and depth of the poverty, the government has measured different regions in different levels. This paper takes the area as the research object, Measurement and recognition of regional poverty in China’s provinces, cities and counties, study on the regional factors of poverty and antipoverty strategy and path selection in deep. Regional poverty is a new subject in the field of poverty research, Both theoretical significance and practical application value, In theory, it can enrich the theory of poverty, and expand people’s perspective on the elimination of poverty, in practice, analysis of the causes of poverty and seeking the path to resolve poverty until the complete elimination it which has important practical significance to realize "four comprehensive" and the Millennium Development Goals of the world commitment. The whole essay is consisted of five parts:The first part is the literature research and theoretical foundation. it includes introduction of the paper, literature review and basis theoretical of poverty. The introduction include the background and the theoretical and practical significance of the research, the content and structure of the research, the research methods and technical route; Literature review is mainly about the literature review of regional poverty studies at home and abroad; Regional poverty and anti-poverty theories include the theory of regional development theory, the theory of regional development, the connotation of poverty and regional poverty, the method of regional poverty measurement and the standard of regional poverty identification.The second part is about the recognition and measurement of regional poverty and the spatial distribution of regional poverty in China. It includes measuring the degree of regional poverty and establishing regional poverty identification standards according to the method of measuring poverty. Measuring regional poverty depth(income gap) and poverty width(poverty rate) of China’s 31 provinces(excluding Taiwan, Hongkong and Macao) and regional poverty level in 333 prefecture level cities and 47 county-level cities and minority autonomous regions according to annual per capita income level. Then identify the type of the region poverty(extreme poverty, relative poverty, general area, relative affluence, affluence),and then display the spatial distribution of these regions in Chinese territory.The third part is an empirical analysis of regional poverty factors. It includes the establishment of panel data model about the regional poverty rate and regional poverty factors.Regional poverty and regional natural endowments(Natural environment, energy and resources);the basis of regional economic development(the degree of marketization, urbanization and industrialization, economic and industrial structure, financial income, investment scale, consumption level and economic extension);regional human capital(including human capital investment, working age population, the number of scientific and technological personnel and education funding); regional finance and financial development(the scale, structure and efficiency) of the financial institutions in the financial and social security and poverty alleviation;regional poor-stricken degree and public service and infrastructure foundation(including road mileage, telephone penetration rate, urban garbage harmless treatment rate, urban and rural minimum living standard, hospital beds per capita). The main component analysis is used to analyze these 5 factors into 5 representative indexes and analysis the impact of these five aspects on the regional poverty width.The fourth part is China’s anti- poverty policy and its effectiveness analysis.As for the people who already accept the anti-poverty policy and its following effect, they are trying to become one part of anti-poverty process. To point out the merits and demerits of these strategies can also provide the reference of choosing the various ways of solving the poverty.The fifth part is about how Chinese government manages the way to choosing the strategy for anti-poverty properly. According to the third and fourth part of the analysis of poverty in China, we focus on the new situation and the new stage of the anti-poverty strategy and the path design of the different levels of poverty in different levels of poverty.Through the research we can come to the conclusion that:From the literature of domestic and foreign research, although the definition of poverty and regional poverty still exist, but the income level and the poverty line of the total population of poor people, that is, the poverty rate is still the vast majority of the connotation of regional poverty,so this study based on poverty rate has its scientific rationality.In accordance with the standard of poverty in China and the method of regional poverty measurement is proposed in this paper, combined regional poverty incidence and income gap, measure the poverty of 31 provinces in China in 2013. Through the construction of regional poverty degree measure algorithm, combined with regional poverty incidence, and measure the integration of urban and rural areas poverty degree about 380 municipal(333 prefecture level cities and 47 county level city and Autonomous Prefecture) and in accordance with the established standards to identify recognition, The results of the research show that in our country there are still many provinces in relative poverty or poverty in the area below the level. The poverty degree is still serious if according the poor standards of the world bank.(Xi Jinping speech at the UN General Assembly on 2015, has pointed out that, if in accordance with the standard of the world bank, China has a population of 200 million in poverty level).Development in different regions is not balanced, the growing wealth gap between the rich and poor, the complete abolition of poverty, narrow the development gap between regions is a heavy burden and embark on a long road. The cause of regional poverty is very complete. Empirical analysis shows that the regional poverty factors of poverty are closely related with bad ecological environment, lack of resources, weak economic foundation, shortage of human resources, lags behind in science and technology or system and lack of policy ect. The slow or stagnant state of social development in some poor areas is unable to completely get rid of poverty by the internal drive,so must be resolved through external effects.China has already set up the system of subsistence allowances in urban and rural areas after the promulgation of Seven-Year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program(1994-2000), National Program for Rural Poverty Alleviation(2001-2010) and National Program for Rural Poverty Alleviation(2011-2020) which is being implemented. Therefore, the majority of impoverished people have already solved the problem of food and clothing, broken the first blockade of poverty and started to enter a crucial stage. However, discrepancy of infrastructure as well as poverty alleviation criteria between rural and urban areas will stand in the way of urban-rural integration construction and ill affect the complete resolution of regional poverty issues.Strategic goal of fighting against regional poverty has been established based on the degree and types of poverty to devise the best plan of shaking off poverty according to the traits of different regions and their own strongpoints.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects :With region being the research unit, combining macro and micro research, gradually narrowing down the gap between urban and rural areas and studying regional anti-corruption problems from the perspective of combining the two areas against the backdrop of New Urbanization Construction and One Belt and One Road initiative as well as coordinating the development of urban and rural areas will become the important measure that is going to facilitate social and economic progress;Establish poverty measurement model to calculate poverty degree of provinces(municipalities), prefectures, towns and counties at various levels. Divide poverty benchmark into three ranks, which are extreme poor, relatively poor and ordinary poor, afterwards, illustrate the geographical distribution of these poverty-stricken areas in China;Utilize the panel data model to analyze the main causes for poverty in these regions according to their regional poverty measurement, make strategic deployment and implementation plan to fight against poverty. Raise different regional anti-poverty strategic goals, main programs and implementation steps.