The Study On The Present Situation And Development Trend Of Rural Land Transfer In Chinese Ethnic Minority Areas

As an important natural economic and social resources, land has always been the foundation of human survival and development, accompanied by the evolution and development of human society. China is an agricultural country with the sharp contradiction between human and land, in which the influence of land is extremely profound for the development and progress of country and society. Since China’s reform and opening up, the rural reform in which the household contract responsibility system as the starting point and core, has changed the traditional mode of agricultural production and management in China. At the same time, it has also led to the development of rural economy and change. After the third plenary session of the 17 th, Chinese rural land system, taking the rural land transfer as the axis, started a new round of reform and innovation.China is a unified multi-ethnic country since ancient times, in which the minority population is large and the territory in ethnic minority areas is vast. The reform of land circulation system is a major initiative to the agricultural development in national regions and rich peasants, which has had a profound impact on the economic and social development in national regions, at the same time, has a great significance for the stability of the frontier minority areas and the national security.Based on the above background, this paper chooses the rural land transfer in national regions as the research object, through discussing the problems existing in the rural land transfer in national regions, further analyzing the reasons of these problems. Based on this, discuss the basic principles that must be adhered to in the minority areas of rural land transfer and its trend of development.The first chapter is introduction, including research background, research status at home and abroad, research methods and structure arrangement, as well as the innovation of the paper and the deficiencies.The second chapter is the basic analysis of rural land transfer in national regions, mainly elaborated the core vocabulary and concepts in the paper, including the definition of ethnic minority areas and general situation of the ethnic minority areas, the definition of rural land and the connotation of rural land transfer, and discussed the importance of rural land transfer in national regions.The third chapter is the theoretical foundation of the rural land transfer in national regions, in which takes the theoretical origin about the rural land transfer from the Marxist classical writers’ rural land transfer theory and the western economists’ land transfer theory. Marxist classical writers’ rural land transfer theories include the theory of rural land property rights, land re theory, the theory of small land ownership management way and national development theory. Western economists’ land transfer theories mainly include property rights theory, principal-agent theory and land moderate scale management theory. The land policy of the Communist Party of China minority areas include: after the founding of the "integration" of national land policy,after the reform and opening up "development" national land policy and the "common prosperity" national land policy after new century.The fourth chapter has explained the vicissitude of rural land transfer system based on the perspective of history and drew the inspiration in ethnic minority areas. Taking the reform and opening up in 1978 as a dividing line, we divided into two parts, the rural land transfer policy before reform and opening up and the evolution of rural land transfer system after reform and opening up. The first part is divided into the sporadic transfer on the basis of peasants land ownership and the ban transfer on the basis of rural collective land ownership in ethnic minority areas; The second part is divided into four stages of rural reforms. They are the buds of the rural land transfer system; the development of the rural land transfer system; the specification of the rural land transfer system; and the innovating of rural land transfer system in ethnic minority areas. The characteristics of land transfer system in different periods have been explained on the basis of combing and summarizing every stage of our country rural land transfer system in ethnic minority areas. By carding the history from the longitudinal and comparative analysis, it has been summed up the enlightenment of rural land transfer policy change. I.e., The productivity development level is the premise of reform of farmland system in ethnic minority areas; Respect for farmers is the key to the success of farmland institutional change in ethnic minority areas; From the "two rights separation" to "separation of division" is rural land system change trend in ethnic minority areas.The fifth chapter discusses the main mode of land transfer in national regions, and the typical cases in the paper on the basis of comprehensive analysis. One is land swap mode. A typical case is the "land swaps" of Shawan county of Xinjiang uygur autonomous region; Second, land trust model, the typical case is the "land bank" of Pingluo county of Ningxia Hui autonomous region; Third, it is rural land transfer cooperative mode. The typical case is the "company + farmers + base" model of Weining Yi Hui Miao nationality autonomous county of Guizhou province. Some ideas about the minority areas of the rural land circulation model innovation is proposed on the basis of this: To safeguard the rights and interests of farmers is key to minority areas of the rural land circulation model innovation; Specification of national policy intervention is the guarantee of minority areas of the rural land circulation model innovation; To expand the interests of the interests and sharing mechanism is the innovation trend of rural land transfer mode and the demand of the rural land transfer mode, and the realization of sustainable development is the innovation of rural land transfer mode in the minority areas.The sixth chapter is the empirical analysis part, which discusses the rural land transfer background, process, main methods and effect of Yanbian Korean autonomous prefecture. Yanbian Korean autonomous prefecture is the typical of the rural land transfer in national regions. Its land transfer condition has certain particularity, but also can reflect some common characteristics of ethnic areas. Therefore, a detailed discussion on the situation of land transfer in Yanbian makes the discussion of this article and later the analysis of the problems and countermeasures become more detailed and profound.The seventh chapter discusses the existing problems and causes in the rural land transfer in national regions. Due to the influence from the special geographic factors in ethnic minority areas, ethnic customs, and social and economic development level, together with unclear property rights, the laws and regulations not clear, the transfer market not mature, supporting system imperfect, the irregular procedure of flow, and local government behavior anomie, the rural land transfer in ethnic minority areas as a whole is still in a lower level. There is a big gap with other advanced areas. Uneven distribution of interests exists in the process of land transfer. The transfer efficiency is not obvious and farmers’ participation enthusiasm needs to improve with marginalized ethnic minority issues such as growing problem to be solved.The eighth chapter puts forward the reasonable basic principles and the development trend of rural land transfer in ethnic minority areas according to the questions from the previous chapter. The basic principles of a reasonable rural land transfer in national regions include: the principle of safeguard the rights and interests of farmers, adhere to the principle of agricultural land, the principle of fairness and efficiency, the principle of adjust measures to local conditions and adhere to the principle of moderate advance. The development trend of reasonable rural land transfer in national regions include: regulate the rural land property rights system in national regions; Perfecting the rural land transfer mechanism in national regions; Strengthening national interests expression and participation mechanism; Rural land transfer in ethnic region, the supporting system construction, etc.The last chapter is a summary to the research questions and draws the basic conclusion. From the "two rights separation" to "separation of division" is the change trend of rural land system in ethnic minority areas; The particularity of ethnic minority areas is the breakthrough point of studying the rural land transfer in national regions; Rural land transfer must adhere to the principles of adjusting measures to local conditions in national regions; Rural land transfer in national regions is the key to build market transfer mechanism.