Study On The Problems O[ The Pension Insurance Of Urban-Rural Residents In China

The pension insurance of urban-rural residents of China mergerd officially in February 2014. This is a major event in the development of China’s pension insurance, a landmark. However, due to the establishment and implementation of the pension insurance of urban-rural residents of China is relatively short, neither is the guidance of suitable theory, nor is the reference of solid practical experience, in addition, the system covers a large number of people, the system is not perfect, so the research on the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China has become the focus and hot spot of the research on the construction of the pension insurance in China. This paper "Research on the problems of the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China" is in the context.Based on the combing and analysis of the development process and current situation of the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China, The problem of the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China is decomposed into five aspects, namely, the ability to pay the fund, the ability of fund supervision, the fairness of treament, the ability of handling service, the policy identity to improve. These problems are analyzed and researched by using these methods of literature research, comparative study, quantitive analysis, access research. Then, this paper chose the four typical countries,which have the advantages in these areas or in some aspect or close to China’s economic and social reality, to research comparatively in order to seek enlightenment and reference for China. Finally, combined with China’s national conditions and learned from foreign experence, and suggested some solutions and countermeasures on the problems of the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China. This is the supplement and development for the research on the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China. The main innovation points of this paper are as fellows:First, this paper used the measure of the ability to pay fund, that is, the rate of fund payment, the ratio of fund payment to GDP, the ratio of fund balances accumulated expenditure, and related datas, to analyze the problem of the ability to pay the fund on the national and regional pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China, and analyze the causes from the angle of financing ability.Second, through the analysis of the characteristics of efficient fund supervision on the pension insurance, namely, independent and autonomous, checks and balances, scientific monitoring, social supervision, analyzed the problem of the ability of fund supervision on the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China, and analyzed the causes from the angle of the overall management level, administrative supervision, responsibility of the government.Third, used the present value model of annuity to analyze the fair problem of treament returns for different types of insured residents on the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China. Based on per capita GDP, per capita local fiscal revenues and demographic indicators, analyzed the issue of regional distributive justice of the government subsidies, moreover, analyzed the causes from payment elasticity, government subsidies elasticity and fair treatment regulation.Fourth, Based on the identity theory of public policy, analyzed the basic contents of the policy identity of the pension insurance and the problem of the policy identity of the pension insurance of urban-rural residents in China, and analyzed the causes from the angle of the treatment of security, the liability of the Government, the working style of grassroots cadres, etc.Through the analysis of the problems and the research of countermeasures, the main conclusions are as fellows:First, the pressure of the fund to pay is large on the whole and imbalance in area between, which are caused by the financing structure of government finance, lack of supporting policy in village subsidies, low in the income of the fund, regressive payment incentive. Therefore, the government must adjust the system design of insurance, payment, pension benefits, establish the system of efficient fund raising and balance based on the public finance, and establish the system of efficient fund income based on the market investment operations.Second, the ability of fund supervision is insufficient, and low in quality and efficiency. The main performance is independent enough, weak balance, lacking of scientific monitoring, absence of social supervision, which is mainly caused by the low level of overall planning, administrative supervision, imperfect laws and regulations, insufficient financial investment, etc. Therefore, the government must improve the overall management level of the fund, set up the mechanism of evaluation and control for the risk of fund investment, perfect supervision regulations, and improve social supervision.Third, the problem of treatment equity for the pension insurance of urban-rural residents is prominent. The income of payment, area payment, distribution of government subsidies and other are unfair, gap between urban workers in pension benefits, which is mainly caused by the lack of the elasticity of "income related" in payment, "gradient level" of government subsidies, mechanism of fair regulation in treatment, and so on. Therefore, the mechanism of the proportion of payment, the mechanism of "gradient allocation" of the government subsidies, the mechanism fair regulation in pension benefits, and so on, must be established.Fourth, the ability of handling service for the pension insurance of urban-rural residents is insufficient, low in quality and efficiency, imperfect in agencies and service points of town and village (community), less of handling service personnel, imperfect in the function of information system, which can not meet the need of the expansion of "system scale" now. The main reason is that the government is not in place to understand the handling service, the formulation of handling service policy is not scientific, local financial investment is not enough, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an efficient management service system based on the government and the society.Fifth, the policy identity of the pension insurance of urban-rural residents is not high, which limits the improvement of payment grade. The main reason is that the security level of the system is low, the quality of handling service is not high, the mechanism of interest expression of the pension insurance is defect, the working style of the cadres at the basic level is not unsatisfactory, and so on. Therefore, in addition to improve the pension level and strengthen the building of the capacity in handling service, it is necessary to establish the mechanism of interest expression for the pension insurance of urban-rural residents, strengthen the policy advocacy of the pension insurance, and change the working style of the cadres at the basic level in the pension insurance of urban-rural residents, and so on.